Sinopec’s impact on the sustainable and environment-friendly development free essay sample

Nowadays, it is commonly recognized that human has destroyed natural environment with the human society and urbanization’s development. As the environment much more concerned by society and climate change influencing people’s daily life, Sinopec recognized that develop a sustainable and environment-friendly production could bring long-term benefits and satisfied society. As a worldwide energy and petrochemical company, Sinopec pay large attention to the environment protection (Green and Low-Carbon Growth 2011). However, the high toxic plants (Three Petroleum Plants Closed 2012) and water (China Intensifies Efforts to Combat Water Pollution 2007) pollution problems caused by Sinopec, posed high environmental risk. These problems affected the public health and destroyed ecological system. As a result, the negative performance may damage the environment as well as company’s profit losing. This essay analyses both negative and positive performances of Sinopec on corporate environmental responsibility, including high toxic pollution explosion and Green and low-carbon growth program as well as the impact on society and stakeholders. The negative performance of Sinopec The issue of corporate environmental responsibility has grown with increasing severely environmental pollutions during recent years. Petrochemical giant Sinopec has suspended production at subsidiaries in Guangdong after the environmental pollution breaches exposed on state TV. Based on the CCTV report, it is known by society that no on supervised the company and required to correct their mistakes even it was obverse that their pollution were out of legal range in China. The company continue bullying relevant organizations and local governments, claiming their operations are essential for the national economic growth and society regardless the livelihood of citizens (Three Petroleum Plants Closed 2012). Based on the CCTV report that a subsidiary of Sinopec dumped poison sewage in rainwater drains with improper method. The plant was also set up to have resumed operation without accept after being asked to close in May because failing to settle down citizens. Another subsidiary illegally kept a great amount of liquid into two tanks that designed for emergency use only (Li, Jing 2012).â€Å"And Xinzhongmei Chemical Industrial, a joint venture in Zhanjiang partially controlled by Sinopec, tried to dilute its waste with tap water before dumping it. CCTV reported that Mo Zhi, the companys general manager, described the pungent odour from drainage pipes as cooking smells in an attempt to cover up the illegal handling of the waste. † (Three Petroleum Plants Closed 2012). Greenpeace China campaigner Ma Tianjie claimed that it is seriously irresponsible for Sinopec because of the highly toxic waste. In these years, the projects of Sinopec have became opposite from local people so that environmentalists thought the state TV expose the truth to the society based on reliable evidence (Li, Jing 2012). Recently, the Sinopec engineering said the demand of coal-to-chemical projects grow fast and support by the local government in spite of carbon emission and scarcity concerns of limited resources. Because of the contracts with government, the outstanding orders are growing fast (Eric Ng 2013). Coal take 80% of Chinese energy use, which is a big factor significant contributing the air quality in China. However, another essential part is low-grade fuel burned by Cars and trucks in China. Because of the cleaning cost growth, the earning of Sinopec is reduced to some extent (Orlik, Tom 2013). It can be seem through the examples above that environmental pollution not only causing people suffered unprecedented physical hurt but also reduce the benefits of Sinopec, the most essential problem is it unavoidable lead to ecosystem out of balance. The positive performances of Sinopec On the other hand, Sinopec has contributed on develop sustainable and environment-friendly production. In 2011, Sinopec give signature responsibility contract of reducing pollution and no charge target with local government, and set up the 12th Five-Year Plan for the environmental protecting activity of Sinopec, which disposes main environment-related task in long-term developing. At the same time, Sinopec keep improve regulations of protecting environment and carried out EIA seriously. They also made great efforts in advertising green growth and resource efficiency. For instance, comparing industrial effluent discharge with last year, â€Å"this year decreased by 8. 7%, on-spec rate of discharged waste water grew by 0. 4%, and COD discharge went down by 16. 9%. SO2, NOx and NHx emissions reduced by 9. 8%, 3. 4% and 34. 9% respectively† (Green Operation 2011). What is different is that Sinopec improve the treatment of waste gas, waste water and industrial residue (Three wasters), try best to reach the standards and minimize the impact to the environment. Furthermore, Sinopec found process, equipment and invite expert groups to protect environment, define problems and resolve. There is a new program of expend recycle economy and turning waste to worth in order to consuming less energy and high efficiency. Also, Sinopec put great effort on eco-environment restoration around abandoned area and along the pipelines so that they can minimize the impact on environment (Green Operation 2011). Climate change is a heat issue for all human beings over the world. It is commonly accepted that people’s lifestyle changed as the climate change. Therefore, most companies have changed and proved products and service in order to fulfill the scarcity of customers. So does Sinopec. The company pays attention to â€Å"shift the stage of growth, optimized energy structure, utilize low-carbon energy resource†. For example, Sinopec focus on commercial test of CO2 recovering, to reduce GHG and prepare well for the climate change (Fight against climate change 2011). Sinopec continued â€Å"efforts in industrial restructuring and integrating production capacities and operations†. Expansion of resources reduced significantly and produced less CO2. From 2006 to 2011, the average capacity increased by 25. 7%, while that of ethylene facilities reduced by 13. 2% (Fight against climate change 2011). Experienced several years, the capacity of production still increasing, Sinopec reached great grates in reducing energy and decreasing consumption to enhance administration, develop different techniques, facilities and unique process of producing. Refining and ethylene intensive energy of production, reduced separately by 2. 0% and 4. 3%. We cut 540000 tones coal equivalent that as same as reducing 1.33 million tons CO2 or planting 12 million trees (Green and Low-Carbon Growth 2011). E-power service station. We tend to set up â€Å"refilling and recharging service networks in 13 provinces and cities for both regular autos and electric autos. † By now, we have successfully built up two stations of recharging in the city of Beijing and Shenzhen, and six refilling and recharging demo stations in Shanghai and Anhui (Green and Low-Car bon Growth 2011). There is a unique lifestyle called â€Å"Low-Carbon Lifestyle†, which is the major way for Sinopec to improve capacity and living level for employees. For building a â€Å"green† company, they motivate staff to take part in various campaign and activities, such as planting trees, watching environmental relevant movie and so on, in order to increasing the awareness of environment-friendly and low carbon lifestyle. By using this method, Sinopec spread the Low-Carbon Lifestyle to the consumers, employees, suppliers and other group of stakeholder. Raising the awareness of social duty and protect the environment (Fight against climate change 2011). Conclusion As an international petrochemical and energy company, Sinopec has a big social responsibility and influence power. After weigh up negative and positive performance of Sinopec, it can be seen that the contribution is overweight breaches. Due to the improper treatment, Sinopec improve the performance step by step. There is no doubt that Sinopec plays the important role in the national economy and society. The value of green growth and low-carbon lifestyle are sustainable and advanced. However, the negative performance of Sinopec should be corrected and standardized by law, contracts and the local governments, especially the problem is relevant to the balance of entire ecosystem. Using the internal force of Sinopec to protect environment and lead a green lifestyle is another method. First, Sinopec need to improve the skills og communicating and interacting. Innovation, idea and flexibility are important in business. Petrochemical pollution and three wastes cannot be ignored. Every single person needs to pay attention to the environment aspect. As a result, Sinopec can resolve the problem and enhance the social responsibility, which can help the company improve the reputation and communicate better with customers, employees and other stakeholder.

Genre and Medium definition and Maus Genre and Medium Flashcard

Genre and Medium definition and Maus Genre and Medium

Technology Essay Example

Technology Essay Example Technology Essay Technology Essay Essay Topic: Investigative Technology Name: Course: Instructor: Institution: Date: Technology The New York Times chose to deploy their innovative support group as a shared service. This means that the costs for supporting the group and acquiring these services will be shared among the companies. The RD vice president expresses that the group’s role is to be able to access new markets and ideas more easily. One of the ways they do this is accessing information from websites in order to know what people are interested in. A shared service approach has several advantages; first, it reduces the cost that a business would have incurred in accessing the services as an individual business. Secondly, it leads to the growth of a business, as competition has been increased and the business is also working with other businesses, hence it is more efficient. A shared service approach also enables a company to focus more on the business without much distraction. The support team of the New York Times is able to prototype E-ink at a point where some businesses cannot be able to afford the resources that are needed to research on the technology. The New York Times collaborated with Netflix to create a map on the most rented films. Shared services approach however has some disadvantages, they include loss of control by the companies in acquiring the service and some businesses may suffer, when they cover the costs of companies that cannot afford to cover for projects. Boston Scientific faced the challenge of balancing openness and sharing with security and the need for restricting access to information. The company used technology to overcome this. The company created software known as Invention Machine’s Goldfire. This machine would enable researchers to access information, while at the same time limiting the information that is accessed. The company would also be able to know what information is being accessed. The cultural change that was required for this to be possible includes the inability of the organization to share its information with outsiders because it feared that some information might leak to their competitors. The organization did not allow researchers and others any access to their data. This is not as important as technology-related issues. For example, first the company’s largest sales are heart-related items. Keeping the pipeline of these items fresh is done through technology, which engineers had been focused on improving before the set up of Goldfire. Secondly, in the past researchers were unable to develop new ideas into past creations because they could not access the data from the organization. This could have led to innovations and discoveries. The video rental map developed by The New York Times and Netflix displays movie popularity across neighborhoods from major US cities. Netflix could use this information to improve their business by supplying common films in the regions that they are common in. they could also supply films that are related to the films common in different regions. Other companies could also take advantage of these data. For example, research companies could use information on films that are common in different regions for research. Cinemas could also use this information, in order to know the type of movies to offer or show in different regions. The newspaper industry has been facing serious challenges to its viability ever since the internet made news available online. Newspapers are coping with these through several ways. Some newspapers have ventured into the internet service by offering their news through the internet, for example The New York Times. Others are coping with these by cutting back on expensive projects, such as investigative journalism. Predictions from a number of newspaper officials are that newspapers will be printing and supplying the papers at most, three days every week. Reports also show that some newspapers have already closed down or stopped printing. For example, The Christian Science Monitor. Surveys show that most people now turn to the internet to access news. In this case, in five or ten years to come, most newspapers will have gone out of business or closed down their print version of the paper to produce e-paper. Examples of companies using technology to help them innovate and develop new products and services include IBM, Liberty Property Trust, Dell and Comcast .IBM Company has software known as Lotus Connections, which offers five web services. The services include communication, enterprise profiles, social book marking, blogs and activities. Liberty Property Trust uses J.D. Edwards 5 solutions to predict the future market and to create good customer relationships. Comcast and Dell use twitter to assess what consumers think about their products. Trends by most companies include the use of social networks such as twitter and blogs to market their products and assess what the public thinks of the company. Case 2 A shared service model such as a shared service center can be used to improve the approach of shared services. This center would provide online consolidation for the various businesses sharing the service. It could also enable the expansion of the shared services, by collaborating with other global businesses with ease of communication and operation. The center provides a platform where members can find information, as well as customers, who want to learn more about the companies.

This i believe essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

This i believe - Essay Example Friendship is a form of love that people share and comes along through common interests where friends enjoy what they do and share and interact regularly. Moreover, having gone through the same experiences in life ties people together and sharing values makes friendship to be stronger. Furthermore, true friendship is the will to put happiness before friendship and telling of something that one does not want to hear. A true friend inspires, motivates, and encourages an individual to live up to their best potential. They always have the best interests of their friends in their hearts and are always available when one is down. In addition, they laugh with their friends in times of happiness and in times of sorrow they comfort and cry with them. For the longest time I relied on friends for company and affection. Truth be told, I was happy about that and regarded myself as the luckiest person in the world. Somehow, I often felt that I was not giving my best to one of my good friends. This kept me thinking since my friendship experiences were different from the way it is portrayed culturally. One of my true friends was a drug addict and it was so scary since she could not survive without drugs. This is something that people, especially the parents and close relatives did not know. It was difficult to pass such kind of information to the parents and relatives, as it is not acceptable in the society to abuse drugs. As a friend, I knew I had a big challenge of helping my friend and keeping her on the right track. One day, we had a chat and I knew it was my responsibility to help her get out of the huge problem she was in. She was hesitant at first and asked that I should not tell. I told her I was not going to, but I was going t o help. I advised that she should see a counselor who would guide on how to stop using the drugs. I supported her financially and emotionally and even helped her look for a counselor. It was not easy, but after all, I was happy since I knew she

Famuss car rental Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Famuss car rental - Essay Example By doing a vigorous market research, the current trends, customer car rental habits and the intensity of rivalry among the existing rivals might be easily analysed. Along with this, market segmentation is also done to determine the target customers among others. Other than this, this essay also presents the unique selling proposition that might easily fascinate the customers towards itself among many other existing rival players in the market. And finally, the essay might also include a conclusion and a recommendation as well, that may enhance the operations and functions of the business in long run. The aims and objective of ‘Famus’s car rental’ The prime objective of Famus’s car rental is to offer value-added services to its customers at a competitive price so as to fulfil their level of satisfaction. This might act optimistically thereby helping, Famus’s car rental to enhance its position and loyalty within the hearts of the customers among others. Along with this, they also desire to present a very relaxing journey in all seasons so as to make it a memorable one for all its customers. This might prove effective for the organization of Famus’s car rental to improve its range of customer bases and its profitability as well. As a result, its demand and image in the market of UK might also get enhanced to a significant extent among many other rival players. The location of operations of Famus’s car rental Famus’s car rental might start up its new business in order to fulfil the demands and needs of the customers of United Kingdom as it is quite less competitive as compared to other markets i n the entire globe. Definition of trends The term is defined as the style or fashion or tendency of the customers of a specific region. However, the trends or preferences of the customers do not remain constant, but it keeps on changing at a rapid pace. Therefore, to cope up with the trends and preferences of the target customers, maximum extend of the entrepreneurs or brands desire to introduce varied types of inventive features within their products or services as presented by the theory of personality (McDonald & Hawkins, n.d). Similarly, the entrepreneurs operating in the segment of rented cars always try to offer the facility of vocational tours at a quite competitive cost. This is done to fulfil the desires or interests of the customers of United Kingdom to spend short holiday trips in varied places such as London, Britain, Wales, Netherlands and many others. It is done to attain refreshment from their monotonous working schedules and this enhanced the craze of rented cars in these regions. Thus, such trends of the market of UK might act as a boon for the organizations like Famus’s car rental to enhance its brand image and reputation in the market among others. It might also improve the

An Adolescent Smoking Prevention Health And Social Care Essay

An Adolescent Smoking Prevention Health And Social Care Essay The rate of smoking is increasing in the United States among adolescents and the cause of leading preventable death in the United State (Husten, 2009). Smoking cause many health problems such as cancer of the lung, esophagus, larynx, bladder and oral cavity (Stephenson Allen, 2007). The goal of the Healthy People 2020 Objectives focus is to reduce tobacco use by adolescent, establish laws on smoke-free indoor air that prohibit smoking in public places, worksites and increased adolescents disapproval of smoking( Healthy People, 2020). This will be discussing the factors that predispose adolescent to smoking, the national, state and local prevalence of smoking. The paper will also be discussing the principals of health promotion and disease prevention in primary, secondary and tertiary prevention. This paper will have examples of national, state and local initiatives leading to achieving the Healthy People 2020 objectives. This paper will discuss the roles of the professional registere d nurse in providing care for adolescents who smoke. Many health problems results in smoking and the earlier individuals start smoking the higher risk they have in developing these health problems in later life. To understand the etiology of smoking, one must understand the factors predisposing the adolescent to behave in this manner. These factors are peer pressure, parents who smoke the mass media and movies all influence smoking behavior in adolescent. Other factors that may also contribute this behavior include having a low self-esteem, and having a problem controlling weight (Tingen, Andrews Stevenson, 2009). Adolescents who are starting smoking at the start of early age would most likely to become heavy smoker when they get older (Lewis, 2008). With the proper preventive measures and educating adolescents about the importance of not smoking can aid in reducing smoking rate among adolescents in the United States. Counseling, community programs and state laws prohibited smoking, promote a tobacco free environment. There are five stages of smoking initiatives occurring in adolescents. Precontemplation is the first stage, this is when the adolescent has not even thought about smoking. The second stage is contemplation, in this stage, the adolescent start to learn about smoking and is thinking about smoking. The next stage, preparation is when the adolescent is experiment smoking with other people smokers. The action stage last for about a month and is when the adolescent starting smoking on every day basis. The last stage is maintenance, which last more than more six month. In this stage, the adolescent is already smoking regularly and smoking make smoking as a habit. Nicotine is the chemical in tobacco that cause nicotine dependence, which cause smoking addiction. A study has shown that adolescents who smoke less frequently than adults would both exhibit the same nicotine dependence withdraw symptoms. Study also has shown that the nicotine play a big role in smoking cessation in adolescents. Adolescents who are willing to quit smoking are less likely to succeed as a result of nicotine dependence. Adolescents who smoke at early age would also have less successful smoking cessation ( Heikkinen, Pitkaniemi, Koskenvuo Merman, 2009) Research suggests that nicotine is as addictive as heroin, cocaine or alcohol ( CDC, 2010). Smokers who are experiencing nicotine withdrawal symptoms often have anxiety, increased appetite and difficulty concentrating ( CDC, 2010). Adolescents who smoke are not aware with associated health problems caused by smoking. Some adolescents believed that they would not be addicted to smoking and that they would be able to quit whenever they want. They do not think about how the nicotine in cigarette, which causes addiction, could affect them and make it harder for them to quit. Many adolescents reporting smoke as a way to solve their personal problems. They feel better when they smoking during emotional times, when they are feeling depress and as stress reliever (Fritz, Wider, Hardin Horrocks). It is important to understand what factors predispose adolescents into trying smoking cigarettes. Intrapersonal and interpersonal are some environmental factors that influence smoking behaviors in adolescents. An example of intrapersonal behavior is a smoking behavior that is influence by self-esteem, knowledge and intentions (Tingen at el., 2009). These behaviors are influence by the interactions in the environment, which leads to smoking initiations. Interpersonal behavior is the behavior influence by act of family members and friends. Children portray the behavior of the adults as being normal and act in the same manner. If a member in the family smoke, the adolescent would observe that behavior and start smoking themselves. Childrens exposures to socialization factors in the home that promote risk-taking behaviors are associated with early experimentation with tobacco (Tigen at el., 2009). The behavior in the household has a huge effects on how children behavior outside of the home. Watching the other people in the household smoking would influence the adolescent to experiment smoking. Children also observed the behavior of their friends and model that behavior. Friends also pressure each other to behaving like them. Peer pressure may play strong role in smoking behavior, but Benchmark studies have shown that parent and home influences are stronger than peer influences in the earliest phases of smoking ( Tigen et al,. 2009). National, State and Local Data Every day, about 4,400 youths in the United States smoke their first cigarette. One- third of youths will die prematurely of smoking associated diseases, if this trend continues (krainuwat, 2005). The goal of New York State is to reduce the youths smoking prevalence to 10% by 2010. Smoking prevalence has been reducing dramatically in adolescents. The NY prevalence for smoking in 2000 was 27.1% compared to the smoking prevalence in 2005, which was 23%. The national smoking prevalence in 2000 was 28.4, slightly higher than the NY. In 2005, the national smoking prevalence was 16.2% compared to 2000 (New York State Tobacco Control Program, 2008-2010). In 2009, the smoking prevalence for national increased to 19.5% and 14.8% for NYS (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2010). After researching for many hours, could not find the local statistic data on smoking for adolescents. More than 3 million youths are current smoker in the United States. Male smokers have higher smoking rates than female smokers. Smoking accounts for 30% of all cancers deaths and 87% of lung cancer deaths ( Krainuwat, 2005). For the past month, the national average for youths that smoke was 10.1%, 8.2% and range 6.5% to 15.9% across the states. The average exercise tax for national was $ 1.34 per pack and $2.7, but $ 0.07 to $3.46 per pack was the range for states in 2009 (CDC, 2010). According to Center for Disease Control and Prevention, the median funding for smoking in the state was 17.2% and 34.8% in 2007 was more than recommended CDC amount. As a result, the recommended state spending amount ranged from 1.1% to 8.5% for cigarettes. In 2006 through 2007, the United States percentage for homes with no rules in was 77.6% and 75.3% in New York. A health promotion activity is an important part of preventing smoking in adolescents because many health problems are raised from smoking. Health promotion would focus on educating adolescents about smoking cessation. The earlier the adolescent quit smoking, the better the chance they have in reducing the health problems they would encounter in later life. The professional nurse has an important role in preventing smoking in primary, secondary and tertiary prevention strategies. It is important to understand some of the reasons that predispose the adolescents into trying smoke. Intrapersonal and interpersonal are environmental factors that influence smoking behaviors in adolescents. An example of intrapersonal behavior is a smoking behavior that is influence by self-esteem, knowledge and intentions (Tingen at el,. 2009). These behaviors are influence by the interactions in the environment, which would lead to smoking. Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Prevention Primary, secondary and tertiary health promotion is an important part of preventive measures when it comes to educating adolescents about smoking prevention. Primary prevention focuses on the efforts to educate and prevent adolescents from smoking. By making smoke- free laws in every state, the selling of tobacco to minors and tobacco product production could be stopped schools have large number of youth populations and are an important place to educate youths about primary smoking prevention (Tigen at el., 2009). Guess speaker coming to schools to speak to students about the health risks associated with smoking and emphases the importance of not smoking is a preventive initiatives. Other primary preventive initiatives include programs at schools that discourage the initiation of smoking and support group to help students with personal problems. Encourage parents to have talked with their children about not smoking and health problems. Nonsmoking parents living in an area, where smoking is not allowed; will increase the changes of their children not smoking (Tigen at el., 2009). Secondary prevention focuses on screen anyone who may be at risks for certain disease or disorder, but in this case, it will focus on screening adolescents who may be at risk for smoking initiation. Some of the risk factors that may lead the adolescent to smoking initiation are adolescents who have at least one person in the household who smokes, peer pressure, Parent involvement is important is important. Parents having talk to their children about not smoking, especially if they hang with friends who are smokers. Encourage peers at school who may be thinking about smoking to get help (Tigen at el., 2009). Adolescent who live with parents who smoke should be encourage quitting. Adolescents that live with parents who smoke should be encourage to quitting smoking. Adolescents who parents smoke have weaker parenting role in preventing their children from smoking than nonsmoker parents (Tigen at el., 2009). School nurses have an important role in secondary smoking prevention. Tertiary prevention focuses on treating adolescent who already starting smoking and educating them about programs that can help them quit smoking. School and community counseling programs are other helpful preventive strategies to help adolescents in dealing with tobacco withdraw symptoms and providing social support system to help with smoking cessation. Nicotine patches can be useful in helping adolescents stop cigarette cravings. Chewing gum also has been effective with strategies in stopping cravings. A study has shown other effective smoking strategies, included exercising, deep breathing, sucking on a straw, drinking water, meditating, brushing teeth and listening to music( Fritz at el., 2008). The New York State Smokers Quitline has also been effective in smoking cessation (New York State Tobacco Control Program, 2008-2010). Smoking programs have been effective in promoting smoking cessation in adolescent. A study has shown educating adolescent on the effects cigarette have on the health and providing them with information has been effective in quitting smoking (Fritz at el., 2008). Health Behavior Change Models For adolescents to become motivating in participating in smoking cessation program, they must understand their perception of smoking and the reason to stop. They must also understand how serious they putting their health at risk. Barriers play an important role in behavior change models in promoting smoking cessation in adolescents. Many adolescents start smoking for many reasons, which makes quitting difficult for them. Other problems that could affect smoking prevention in adolescent is that they dont think about the health problems that are associated with smoking. Nicotine addiction poses difficulty when trying to quit, which is a barrier to smoking. Being addicting to the nicotine in cigarette can prevent the adolescent from trying to quick smoking. The strong nicotine addiction causes withdraw symptoms and craving, which makes it hard to quit (Lewis, 2008). Some adolescents had reporting using alcohol as barriers to stop smoking. (Fritz at el., 2009). Other barriers include being in denial of the health risks associated with smoking and thinking that it would never happen to them and can quit anytime when they want. The difficulty with preventing adolescents from using tobacco is that often they do not considered the long-term effects of tobacco use (Lewis, 2008). National, State and Local Health Promotion Initiatives As mention earlier, smoking cause many health problems later on in life. It is important to start health promotion initiatives as soon as possible to decrease these health risks by promoting smoking cessation. An example of national and New York State initiative aimed in preventing smoking in adolescent include community action to increase the price of tobacco. Raising the price of cigarette can help in many ways, including individuals stop buy cigarettes because they cannot afford it. The New York State Smokers Quitline was developed to help people who are willing to quit smoking. Anyone that wants to quit smoking can call the number and can be directing to place where they can be help. State and communities have come together to increase the use of the New York State Smokers Quitline (1-800-QUIT NOW). Other initiatives includes encourage Smoking prevalence would also be reduced if people living in homes where smoking is now allowed, which would decrease the smoking prevalence among adolescents (New York State tobacco control program, 2008-2010). Most movies they make today have many smoking scene in them and adolescent are likely to portray this as a normal behavior and might want to try smoking. One other initiative is to making PG movies that does not have smoking scene in them. Other strategies includes increasing the number of tobacco free areas, including parks, recreation areas, building entryways and health care, business and education campuses( New York State Tobacco Control Program, 2008-2010). Other initiative includes using the mass media to promote smoking cessation by focusing on the smoking health risks. Health care organizations are urging health care professionals to screen any patients that is using tobacco and offering them help in quitting. This would be effective in ways that if the nurse is caring for adolescents and they smoke, the nurse can teach them about quitting and providing interventions that would lead to smoking cessation (New York State Tobacco Control Program, 2008-2010). Westchester County have come up with efforts in preventing smoking initiatives in youths and adults and those who are at a higher risk for smoking relating diseases. The Westchester Countys mission is to create a cultural norm to be embraced by every community which clearly and strongly discourages all use of tobacco by all populations (Westchester County, 2010). To make this into effect in preventive smoking cessation, Westchester County provided smoking cessation programs that would be available to all the residents in Westchester County including schools, youth centers and minorities organization communities (Westchester, 2010). The Professional Nurses Role The role of the professional nurse in providing care for the adolescent in smoking cessation includes educating the adolescents about the importance of smoking cessation to reducing smoking relating health problems. It is also important that the professional. This would help the adolescent have trust in the nurse for advising and assistance for quitting (Lewis, 2008). The professional nurse should recognize all attempts as a positive during smoking cessation period. The professional nurse needs to set realistic achievable goals for the individual because this is important part of the quitting process. This gives the client the opportunity to evaluate their own goals and motivates them to work harder in achieving the next goals. Praising the adolescent and giving a positive feedback can motivate them to work harder towards achieving the next goal (Quinlivan, 2008). The professional nurse also need to referral the client to attend programs offered by the hospital or the clinic for helping patients quit smoking, such as a support group or counseling program. During discharge, the nurse should include teachings about smoking cessation and provide information to take home when the client is ready to quit if not now (Lewis, 2008). In conclusion, many health problems are the result of smoking in the United States. Adolescents starting smoking initiations at early age have greater chances acquiring these health problems. Nationals, states and local had come up many smoking initiations to prevent smoking in adolescents and to decrease the health risks. The professional nurse has an important role in smoking prevention. The professional nurse can educate the adolescent about smoking health problems and providing help to quit. Counseling programs and support groups also has been effective in preventing smoking.

Essay --

Madison Jones ENG 102-BC07 Ms. Keltz 2/13/14 The elephant population is struggling to keep its species alive. Poaching is causing more deaths and causing the decrease in population than natural deaths would be. Because of this, there are less than 500,000 left in the world and they could potentially go extinct within 15 years if nothing is done to save and protect them(Herrington 5). Before, there were millions of elephants around the world but there has been a drastic decline worldwide. In 1980 there were over one million elephants, by 1989 more than 600,000 elephants were killed(Christ 32). Those 600,000 killed elephants were over half of the elephant population. If this keeps declining at this rate, the whole elephant population will be extinct. This proves that the poaching is becoming so unmanageable. Therefore, the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) is trying to do something to manage and prevent poaching and the decline of the population. Hunting is considered poaching and illegal when it is not the right time, location, number killed, method or the species being hunted(Farmer). Elephants would not be hunted if they did not have ivory that is so valuable. If there was no demand for ivory or an ivory trade, there would not be any poaching. The commercial poachers hunt for a profit, and the subsistence poachers hunt for survival, both are harming the population(Farmer). If the government does not enforce this, then they poaching will not stop and it will get as bad as it was in the 1980’s when the population was decreasing much more rapidly than it is now. Ivory is used and prized for many things. It is used in carvings or may be painted. It is prized and very valuabl... ...(Steinmetz). This really helped the tigers that were almost extinct. Since this resulted in positive outcomes, the WWF decided to spread the knowledge and ideas to communities and schools all around. Meetings were scheduled and the information was spread quickly. All signs of poaching started being monitored and since 2008, the WWF noticed a decrease in evidence of weaponry(Steinmetz). In 2011, the park rangers found less shotgun shells and camps were they would hideout(Steinmetz). This experience obviously shows the power a community can have when they work together to reach a common goal. If the WWF didn’t try, who knows what would have happened to all the species at risk in Thailand. The WWF just needs to expand and present this information to all the other countries and communities who have animals at risk and the poaching could potentially end completely.