The Role Of The Media In Democracy Essay - 1490 Words

How much does your vote really count? As a voter, does your choice really matter? How much influence does the media have on your vote? How many choices does the media actually make when it comes to our nations leadership? These are questions pondered by both political scientists and the average American citizen each year as the second Tuesday in November approaches. Though we know that the framers founded this nation on the principles of representing its citizens, and on the ideals of a nation for the people and by the people; it is obvious that the people feel that their vote doesnt always count. In this paper I plan to expand on these questions and the justifications behind asking them, and I plan to follow up with a specific†¦show more content†¦Thousands of our nations men and women were fighting for their country, yet the media limited the amount of information that they chose to pass on to the public. Each day the media is faced with the choice of making decisions of w hat news to pass on, when that news could make a significant difference in someones life, or in the fate of our nation. How much does the media effect your choices in voting? When we first ask this question, we think of the obvious. The media informs us of canidates, their personal backgrounds, their ideology, their stances on issues, things they do in the community they represent, and the platform on which they plan to run. However, once they get past the initial introduction, they quot;tend to be highly critical of politicians; they consider it their job to find inaccuracies in fact and weakness in argument.quot; (Janda et al., 192) They force the faults of politicians on us, seldom speaking of the positive aspects from that point on. This, in turn, gives the voters a negative vision of their representatives as leaders. If faults are constantly being pointed out, voters begin to think that all politicians are incompetent and unable, and therefore see no need to vote. The media does not intentionally force these negative views upon the mass public; rather they point out the faults because it makes a better story. Although the media does not directly create or change opinions, it tells the public what to think about. By using primingShow MoreRelatedRole of Media in Democracy2423 Words   |  10 PagesRole of Media in Democracy ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form 1. If this is your first visit, be sure to check out the  FAQ  by clicking the link above. You may have to  register before you can post: click the register link above to proceed. To start viewing messages, select the forum that you want to visit from the selection below. Bottom of Form Welcome to the India Forums | Discussion Forum. ------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Page 1 of 212LastRead MoreThe Role of the Mass Media in Ghana’s Democracy2088 Words   |  9 PagesThere is a linkage between the mass media and democracy. The press in the Gold Coast played a significant role in the struggle for the country’s independence from colonialism. Ghana was birth after independence and it has experienced a history of democracy and a mixture of coup d’à ©tats. This reduced the beauty of the once vibrant democratic state to a state where the rights of many Ghanaians were imprisoned, beaten, killed by soldiers. Journalist like Kweku Barku, Kwesi Pratt and others were beatenRead MoreThe Role of the Media in Influencing Political Attitudes in a Democracy2208 Words   |  9 PagesThe Role of the Media in Influencing Political Attitudes in a Democracy Introduction The public gets political information on their preferred candidates or parties from different people and through the media. In today’s world, social media has also been one of main platforms that shape the public opinion. However, engaging in discussion with other members has proven more informative and persuasive than other methods including social media. Mass media is critical in forming the opinions of theRead More Democracy and Capitalism Essay1719 Words   |  7 PagesDemocracy and Capitalism Those who live in America enjoy freedom because America is a democratic nation in which the people hold the power. Is this statement truly a reality? One must consider the fact the United States is also a capitalist society and this has changed the face of democracy. Can we honestly say that the citizens of the United States hold the power when we consider the actual state of the political system? Upon closer examination, it appears that the majority of decisionsRead MoreMedia As A Second Estate Of Indian Democracy Regarded A Powerful And Reliable Tool?1216 Words   |  5 Pages DOES MEDIA AS A FOURTH ESTATE OF INDIAN DEMOCRACY REGARDED A POWERFUL AND RELIABLE TOOL? For, Argumentative essay Abstract India is a democratic country with media playing an essential role in spreading information through media channels. People in the country are completely dependent on media either through news press medium or through online news. This is the reason why media as a fourth estate in India is a powerful medium but definitely does not provide validity of informationRead MoreExplain The Effects Of Family On Ones Political Values1171 Words   |  5 PagesFundamental Values Describe what a democracy is and why it is significant. A democracy is a system of government where the people have the opportunity to have a say in important governmental processes. For instance, in a democracy, one has the privilege to directly vote on key public officials. This can be seen in presidential elections, state elections, etc. A democracy is significant because it protects the interests of the people, and allows citizens to feel a sense of authority in the nation’sRead MoreDemocracy Is Not An Exception1681 Words   |  7 Pagesbirthplace of modern democracy, is not an exception. As Peter Dahlgren mentions, democracy is for and about its citizens, and therefore a certain degree of civic involvement is a necessary and sufficient condition for its prosperity (2009, 14p) If the lower level of participation in democracy continues, the word democracy, originated from demos (the people) in Greek, should be changed to elite-carcy or pauci-cracy. In order to retain a higher level of participation in democracy, some Habermasi an scholarsRead MoreThe Media s Role Of The Press Essay1606 Words   |  7 PagesTerm Paper: Telecommunications Act Melissa Kil COMM 300 11/22/16 For hundreds of years, the role of the press was to inform citizens of the truth and provide a launch point for discourse and debate, forming an important pillar of democracy. Today, there is still a widely held belief that the media is and should still serve as a guardian of the public interest. The sad reality however is that media does not and has not lived up to this ideal of a societal watchdog for decades. For the last fewRead MoreIndia s Survival Of Democracy871 Words   |  4 Pagesscarcity of resource, the survival of democracy becomes difficult and eventually fails. India is a country with all these problems, however, it still manages to be democratic, making the survival of democracy in India a unique outcome and an area of study. The endurance of democracy in India may be explained through reasons like how it has a constitution that is inclusive, its middle class that takes deep pride in India being democratic and the electronic media that not only informs, but also h elpsRead MoreImportance Of Information Technology ( It ) And The Importance Of Of Public Administration977 Words   |  4 Pagestechnology (IT) and the importance of e-democracy utilized everyday administration implementation. Furthermore, understanding the external environment found within public administration, which influence and examines the differences between the public and private sectors, and its major topics that these organizations faces with such technology. Understanding its theories of e-democracy and discussing the declining confidence in the regime. Also, how the role of (ICT), which also leads to discussing

The Ruined Dreams Of Mice And Men By John Steinbeck

The Ruined Dreams in Of Mice and Men Many people in today’s society believe that the perfect American dream is comprised of a house on a tree lined street and 2.5 children. People during the Great Depression era had similar dreams, however most of them never came true. The novel, Of Mice and Men, by John Steinbeck, is about two vagrants named George and Lennie, based in the 1930’s. The boys travel from town to town in search for work and ultimately, circumstances lead to Lennie’s death. The characters in the novel all have dreams, many of which come to sad ends. Curley’s wife, did not marry her husband for his looks and love, but instead to try and accomplish her dream of fame, instead she was branded as property and her dreams were never fulfilled. The dead worker, Lennie, dreams of working on the farm with his friend George, his life ending too soon before his dream took flight. Finally, an old man by the name of Candy, dreams of not dying alone, hopes to be with his friends at the time of his passing. Sadly, his dream also, ended. This fact does not only stain the era of the Great Depression, but also for today’s times, for many people’s dreams will never come true. For Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men characters, the American dream is unattainable. Curley’s wife dreams of living the luxurious life of a Hollywood actor. The dream was soon broken by her own death. She can not live her dream because Lennie, a worker on her father-in-law’s farm, snapped her neck. Her dream firstShow MoreRelatedCultures in ‘Of Mice and Men’ by John Steinbeck Essay1491 Words   |  6 PagesJohn Steinbeck (1902 – 1968) was born in Salinas, California, which was also were the book ‘Of Mice and Men’ was set. At the time John Steinbeck introduced the book ‘Of Mice and Men’, money was a really big issue. This time was known as the ‘Great Slump’, also known as, the Great Depression. John Steinbeck had experience of life, as a farm labourer and could be why he chooses to tell the story about George Milton and Lennie Smalls, two ranchmen in Americas South West The story opens with RanchmenRead MoreA Psychological Analysis of Of Mice and Men Essay1319 Words   |  6 Pagesthrough the lens of psychology. There are multiple approaches to the psychological aspect of literature but the two most recognized are the Freudian and Jungian approach. The best approach to use when critically analyzing the novel Of Mice and Men, written by John Steinbeck, is the Jungian approach. Because the novel’s main theme is a struggle with the idea of â€Å"self†, using this approach allows the reader to understand the main character, its influences, and ultimately his actions. The Jungian approachRead MoreAnalysis Of John Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men 1079 Words   |  5 PagesTitle: Of Mice and Men 1. Significance of Title: The title, â€Å"Of Mice and Men† comes from a phrase in the poem To a Mouse On Turning up in Her Nest with the Plough by Robert Burns. The second to last stanza contains the line, â€Å"the best schemes o’ Mice an’ Men/ Gang aft agley† contains the phrase John Steinbeck based the title for the novel. The poem is similar to the book in that George, Lennie, and the mouse all have a goal that involves months of dedicated work. However, the plough and suddenRead MoreExplore The Ways That John Steinbeck Presents Strong Feelings1026 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Explore the ways that John Steinbeck presents strong feelings/attitudes in Of Mice And Men. A strong attitude portrayed in the novel is Racism. John Steinbeck uses the character Crooks in order to represent racism and what it was like for the black community during the Great Depression. The ranchmen and Curleys wife all display racist attitudes towards Crooks, for example in chapter four Curleys Wife says Well you just keep your place then, Nigger. I could get you strungRead MoreTheme Of Foreshadowing In Of Mice And Men961 Words   |  4 PagesIn â€Å"Of Mice and Men† there is foreshadowing used, but where? How does Steinbeck use foreshadowing in â€Å"Of Mice and Men?† foreshadowing means to give hints to future events. Foreshadowing in â€Å"Of Mice and Men† is shown through these 4 things with: Allusion to the Poem, Lennie’s obsession,The American Dream,and the Parallel between the Death of Candy’s dog and Lennie. John Steinbeck uses foreshadowing by alluding the poem To a Mouse. In the poem To a Mouse† it qoutes â€Å"You need not to start away soRead MoreJohn Steinbeck s Of Mice And Men767 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Steinbeck’s Of Mice and Men is a classic among American literature and is regarded as an important novel in American literature. It is an effective novel that keeps the reader on the edge of their seat as it goes through The Great Depression with George and Lennie and their dream of owning a farm and how it is tragically ruined. One of the most important topics of the novel is loneliness and how it affects characters in the book. Loneliness affects the characters by their happiness and theirRead MoreThe Nature Of Dreams In John Steinbecks Of Mice And Men1073 Words   |  5 Pagesnew life. That life was a dream that would grant success, freedom, and happiness. Immigrants came to America for themselves or for their families. Many came to escape persecution or povert y in their homeland. In essence, this is similar to the theme The Nature Of dreams in John Steinbecks dramatic novella Of Mice And Men and is proposed throughout in many ways to signify that dreams aren’t always going to happen. Throughout Steinbecks novella, the theme The Nature Of Dreams is presented by GeorgeRead MoreOf Mice and Men - Crooks and Curleys Wife721 Words   |  3 Pagesoutcasts in a typical community. John Steinbeck shows the reader this in his novella, â€Å"Of Mice and Men.† Steinbeck uses the characters of Crooks and Curley’s wife to display that although one character is a black male and the other, a white woman, they still have similar traits. These factors like discrimination, loneliness and shattered dreams make Crooks and Curley’s wife parallel. Crooks and Curley’s wife suffer from discrimination around the ranch. Steinbeck expresses discrimination, or prejudiceRead MoreMan Vs Nature Vs Of Mice And Men1265 Words   |  6 Pagesthese types of conflicts show the struggle people have to go succeed a goal, dream or just to survive. In the poem â€Å"Ode to a Mouse† by Robert Burns and the novel Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck, both authors use the literary element, Conflict to show the struggles of the characters. In California during the Great Depression, Lennie Small and George Milton are two ranch workers going from job to job with the dream of saving enough money to purchase their own land to â€Å"live on the fatta theRead MoreHow Does Steinbeck Present Attitudes To Women In His Novel, Of Mice and Men1076 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Steinbeck uses different methods to present Curley’s Wife and women in the 1930s. Throughout the novella Steinbeck represents women to be lower in society than men. In the novella women only have three different roles. A wife, an aunt and prostitutes. Steinbeck uses these roles to show the roles of women in society. Curley’s wife, Aunt Clara and Susy and Clara from the cathouse represent he microcosm of the women in American society. The first woman that Steinbeck describes in the book is Lennie’s

Changes to Contributions and Leasing Standards - Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Changes to Contributions and Leasing Standards. Answer: Introduction: This is to inform that this particular letter of advice has been prepared in order to present the management of Getswift Limited with the required information in regards to the particular way in which the new revenue standard that has been adopted by the company will affect its revenue recognition system. In order to understand the particular way in which the management of the firm will be impacted by the change in the revenue recognition standards, the essential operations that are carried out by the firm must be understood. This means that the essential operations carried out by the corporate entity should be clarified at first (Kominos and Cameron 2017). The firm deals in the management of the operations in relation to the delivery processes that form an essential portion of business for any kind of firm. The alerts in regards to the tracking of the deliveries has also been one of the services facilitated by the firm. Getswift Limited also engages in the providence of the essential services like the saving the money and time of the client corporate entity by easing the business operations. Thus, it can be concluded that the business entity of Getswift Limited provides the required services for the purpose of simplifying the particular business procedure. It should be noted here tha t the annual report of the company specifies that the financial statements of the company have been prepared on the basis of the Corporations Act 2001 and the Australian Accounting Standards Board (Holland 2016). The change in the accounting standard in regards to AASB 15 can be summarized as the particular standard that refers to the five step model. The essentialities of the model refers to the recognition of revenue at the time when the control of the goods and services is transferred to another company. The first step of the model refers to the identification of the contract. The second step of the model leads to the identification of the performance obligations. The third step leads to the determination of the transaction price and the final steps of the model facilitates the recognition of the revenue component of the firm. It must be noted here that the implications of this particular standard can be pervasive but the new revenue standard might present the organization utilizing it, with opportunities The change in the revenue recognition system that has been undertaken by the particular accounting firm is that the AASB 15 has replaced the accounting standard of AASB 118 Revenue and AA SB 111 Construction Contracts (Holland 2016). The new accounting standard has resulted in the establishment of a new revenue recognition model. The new revenue recognition model of the firm also focuses on the variable pricing degree, arrangements of the multiple elements, returning rights and other related processes (Jones 2017). The impact of the adoption of AASB 15 on Gateswift Limited can be listed down as follows: There will be changes in the timing and amount of revenue that will have to be recognized More disclosures will be required in the financial report of the corporate entity The key performance indicators and the ratios that indicate the financial performance of the company might as well change The third party investors of the company should also be educated in regards to the changes that are pending in the current revenue profile of the corporate entity (Joubert and Garvie, Parle 2016). Transmittal email This electronic mail has been prepared for the purpose of transmission among the employees and other stakeholders of the organization in regards to the changes that the particular firm will face in regards to the adoption of the new accounting standard of AASB15. The report that has been prepared in this regards has further explained the phenomenon. It has been further explained in the report that the adoption of the new revenue standard will affect the firm in the particular way of changing the amount and the timing of the revenue in regards to its recognition. Moreover, the ratios and the key performance indicators of the company might change as well due to the change in the revenue recognition standards of the company. The providence of disclosure in the annual report of the company will also increase due to the change in the revenue recognition system of the company. Thus, it can be concluded that the adoption of AASB will affect Gateswift Limited in a positive manner. References AASB CA. Business Combinations. Disclosure. 2014 Jun 4;66:77. AASB CA. Financial Instruments. Project Summary. 2014. Holland D. Simplifying income recognition for not-for-profit entities. Governance Directions. 2016 Dec;68(11):666. Jones D. Tax and accounting income-Worlds apart?. Taxation in Australia. 2017 Jul;52(1):14. Joubert M, Garvie L, Parle G. Implications of the New Accounting Standard for Leases AASB 16 (IFRS 16) with the Inclusion of Operating Leases in the Balance Sheet. Journal of New Business Ideas and Trends. 2017;15(2):1-1. Dakis GS. Upcoming changes to contributions and leasing standards. Governance Directions. 2016 Mar;68(2):99. Komninos J, Cameron RB. 2017 IMPACTS OF REVENUE RECOGNITION CHANGES IN THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY.

The Hidden Message free essay sample

A male would try to control the unknown, relating to crisis of representation, the male is intellectual, he fears the superstition, using that he tries to conquer the â€Å"unknown† part of the women. On the other hand the women is the one who accepts the unknown, she embraces it, causing the male role to tremble in fear. Since men try to control the unknown, and women embrace it, the two characters contradict each other leading into a sad consequence. Wide Sargasso Sea, tells a story about a girl named Antoinette, a beautiful young woman, whose life becomes a nightmare. The story starts when she was a young girl, talking about the poverty she lives in and the way her neighbors treated her. She was isolated, she had no friends and throughout her life she is driven to become mad due to the environment she lives in. In the middle of the story, Mr. We will write a custom essay sample on The Hidden Message or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Rochester and Antoinette marry and move to jungle, to a new house with new servants. Mr. Rochester is placed in an uncomfortable environment that has a jungle, pestering bugs, and neighbors that try and deceit him by telling horrible thing about Antoinette. The structure of knowledge implies that males, try to conquer the unknown, it is a gender role of how men act, very stereotypical. So what Mr. Rochester uses is displacement (psychological expression), he tries to control Antoinette because he cannot control the jungle, by changing Antoinette’s name to Bertha. Later on Antoinette becomes the unknown, she is not controllable, and she is driven crazy due to the environment. Everyone is telling lies about her which confuses Mr. Rochester, eventually shattering the marriage. Here again the author implies that this story is a cultural production. Instead of women having been blamed for the marriage, it is the man who cannot trust his wife, and eventually shatters it himself by having an affair. â€Å"The Yellow Paper†, represents all the women during that time which was in the 1890’s. the main character has no name, she is the representation of all women. The short story clearly says on the six’s line â€Å"John is practical in the extreme. He has no patience with faith, and an intense horror of superstition. † John is a physician, he should be practical. The married couple move to a colonial mansion for John’s wife to recover from a unknown illness. As told so far the crisis of narrative, male and female play gender roles perfectly. The male is an intellectual, while the wife contains an unknown illness, which later on becomes terrifying. As days pass, John treats his wife saying that she is getting better and that with the medicine that he supplies she will get better, however, she does not get better her hallucination on the yellow wallpaper improves every day. Relating to structure of knowledge, John tries to control the unknown his wife’s illness, and as days past the disturbing yellow wallpaper becomes less annoying and actually interests her. She is accepting the unknown, while John wants to treat her, drive the unknown away with science. Another culture production that goes against the stereotypical thought of that time, the wife says that she needs to go out and move and work, however at that times women were to lay in bed and relax to become healthy, while men were to move more and exercise to become healthy. Jane Eyre; however, comes up with an alternative happy ending then a miserable one compared to the two stories. Throughout the movie Mr. Rochester tries to control Jane; Mr. Rochester representing the structure of knowledge, however he fails to control her and Jane runs away from him in the middle of the movie. Jane is headed to a place far from Mr. Rochester, a place she does not even know, Jane shows that she is accepting the unknown; by wandering off to an unknown place. The movie Jane Eyre is a reproduction, it uses the idea that the man and women break up, suffering from each other’s absence, then, searching for the love they once had, resulting the two to come together and living happily ever after. Even though the two characters represent the structure of knowledge, and the crisis of representation, the author tells that love can end in a happy way, even with the stereotypical gender roles involved. Each of these authors are trying to send out a new message that contradicts the belief at the time. Everything should not be blamed upon the women, either men share the equal amount of fallacy, or sometimes it may be the males fault. Fortunately, men and women have the equal rights, however at that time only men had the rights, women were the ones to be blamed for. In contemporary situation, one can relate this problem in earning jobs in a company. Usually the people who hire the people are males, and consider males to be more efficient worker compared to females, when females can do the same work or even better. Theses stereotypical gender roles must come to an end and people should look at a person equally whether it is a marriage or a job.

Corporate Governance and Social Responsibly

Corporate Governance and Social Responsibly Corporate governance and corporate social responsibilities are competitive advantage strategies that focus on the social, economical, and political improvement of society/community where organizations operate (Moon, 2001). This paper discusses how corporate governance and corporate social responsibilities affect economic, social, and financial elements of organizations and their stakeholders.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Corporate Governance and Social Responsibly specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Corporate Governance and Stakeholder Corporate governance and corporate social responsibilities are central to the success and effectiveness of organizations; when making decisions, leaders should consider the social, economic, financial, and political effect of the decisions; timely, effective, and responsive decision should ensure continued improvement of the above considerations. When conducting business, organization s affects their habitats environment positively or/and negatively; modern strategic management puts emphasis on improving business-environment relationship where emphasis is on corporate governance and corporate social responsibilities. Stakeholders There are numerous stakeholders that are affected by corporate governance, they include the target markets, the community of which the organization operate, government, employees, tax authorities, potential investors, environments, and shareholders. The holy trinity of good corporate governance is the notion of shareholders right to question board/ management decisions, transparency and boards full accountability for their actions. This is ethical behaviour in its true sense (Rasmussen, 2005). Strengths of corporate governance Transparency and accountability force management and the board to be disciplined and ethical in everything they do. Therefore, ethical boards and management are high in effective corporate governance. There is a di rect link and positive correlation between a companys competitiveness and financial performance on one hand and the effectiveness of its corporate governance and its ethical behaviour on the other hand. Organisations that adhere to corporate social responsibilities and corporate governance build customer confidence that facilitate business and boosts its competitiveness (Machan, 2007).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reform of Corporate Governance In contemporary business environments, there is need for management to keep changing their corporate governance model to fit the demands of the market. When companies have embarked on CSRs, they have no option than considering ethics and good governance in their business, when these two have been attained, then future disasters are likely to be prevented. In line with CSRs operations, companies make efforts geared toward social enabling efforts like developing infrastructures, providing primary health care, developing education systems among others in developing countries. In wakes of disasters, the company will be ready to assist. Corporate governance and CSR projects should be aimed at improving the operating environment. Internally, it will also aim at making operations safer and enhancing disaster recovery. These efforts will not only benefit community and environment but also enhance the organization image, thus increasing business. Corporate social responsibility manager establish frame works to enhance compliance with internationally recognised CSR standards like Triple Bottom Line (TBL), People, Planet Profit (3Ps strategy); if companies can be genuine and embark on CSR supported by ethical business and good governance, then the world can stand free of disasters, resulting from companies operations (Jones, Parker and Bos, 2005). In contemporary business environment, there is need for organ izations to enact policies that focus on corporate governance and corporate social responsibilities. Corporate governance and corporate social responsibilities involve the manner in which companies are managed to create and distribute increasing value to its stakeholders; the policies include the structure of the board (audit, nomination and compensation committees), management/board relationships, carrying out value creating activities, shareholders rights, record keeping, information disclosures and management compensation and its disclosure. References Jones, C., Parker, M. and Bos, R.,2005. For Business Ethics : A Critical Text. London: RoutledgeAdvertising We will write a custom report sample on Corporate Governance and Social Responsibly specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Machan, T. R. ,2007. The Morality of Business: A Profession for Human Wealthcare. Boston: Springer. Moon, C.,2001 Business Ethics. Boston: Springer. Rasmussen, L.,2005. Ethics expertise: history, contemporary perspectives, and applications. Boston: Springer.

How to Write a Speech

How to Write a Speech How to Write a Speech When it comes to public speaking – in the student’s case, giving a speech to a classroom of their peers and their instructor – one’s success lies in preparation. Which means that delivering a good speech ultimately depends on the writing a  speech. After all, a speech is like a spoken essay. Some people are natural-born public speakers who can entertain an entire room without a second of planning; however, the student in higher education who is to give a speech (who is also most likely a novice public speaker) should follow these 10 speech writing steps. 10 Speech Writing Steps 1. Plan the speech according to the occasion. The student required to give a speech will probably be speaking in an academic setting, where a serious, informative or persuasive tone will serve them best. Most times, the student will be given a time limit, which should be strictly followed. 2. Recognize the theme/message or purpose of the speech. This will help the student identify which direction they are going to take in the writing/planning/researching of the speech, helping them develop a sort of formula to achieve that purpose. 3. Be creative with the speech’s introduction. Once the student knows what they are going to say, they should consider a brief, interesting way to get their audience’s attention – whether with a joke, an interesting anecdote, famous quote, even a thought-provoking question. 4. Learn how to write a speech outline. This helps the student visualize all the points they need to cover in their speech. 5. Expand on the points in the speech outline. If they’re given a speech in a persuasive manner, they will need a solid thesis statement defended by strong evidence to support their argument. If giving an informative speech for an assignment, the student should incorporate solid, research-based information. In either case, the student must center their speech on the theme, issue, or subject they are discussing, arguing, or analyzing. 6. Incorporate transitional phrases to cover various points. Words like â€Å"First of all,† â€Å"Secondly,† â€Å"Next,† and â€Å"Lastly† help the speaker better transition from point to point, for their own sake and the audience. 7. Don’t forget about the conclusion. Just like with an essay or written assignment, a proper conclusion allows the speaker to tie in all the points of their speech, leaving the audience with a comprehensive understanding of what they just discussed. 8. Write the speech out in full, in essay form. Include the introduction, the points to be covered, as well as transitional phrases, and a conclusion – and then evaluate its effectiveness. Edit if needed. Writing more than one draft helps the student add or remove pertinent information. 9. Ask a friend to revise the written speech; revise the draft based on their feedback. Once the student feels their written speech is nearly completed, seeking the help of another person is beneficial. They will see things the writer may not notice, which will ultimately improve the speech. 10. Read the speech aloud. Before the student rehearses their speech first for familiarization, then memorization, they should read the speech aloud to compare how it sounds with how it reads; this could be the difference in an awkward, boring speech or one that is interesting and gets a higher grade. Read also: How to Write a Persuasive Essay | How to Write an Argumentative Essay In case you are working on a speech, and are having difficulties with it, would be happy to assist. Feel free to contact our writers and they will help you to work through the assignment. Our staff will assign writers with suitable backgrounds and adequate experience. This will result in a paper that is properly written and formatted, with thorough background research and a solid literature base.  Feel free to contact us anytime. Place an order to get your individual discount now.

Eval 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Eval 4 - Essay Example The data collection process has various steps that require expertise in formulation and implementation and this is done best by properly trained data collectors. Regardless of the preference for defining data whether qualitative or quantitative, accurate data collection is important to ensure that the integrity of the research is maintained. Data collection by improperly trained data collectors leads to the inability to accurately answer the research questions, distorted findings therefore wasted resources, inability to validate or repeat the study, compromising decision in regard to public policy, misleading of other researchers pursuing the same or related research topic and causes harm to the participating agents. Improperly trained data collectors lead to poor results and if the results are used to support recommendations of public policy, it will cause disproportionate harm. Improperly trained data collectors will not comply to the research questions and may collect data that is not a true reflection of the natural situation. The goal of a research is to help improve a situation or come up with amicable solutions to a problem. This involves accurate data collection and carrying out a relevant data analysis through careful planning and thorough thoughts (Bedi, Bhatti , Gine, Galasso, Goldstein and Legovini, 2006). Collection of sub standard information and data implies that the evaluator will arrive at the wrong conclusion and that the wrong recommendations will be implemented. Outcome evaluation seeks to establish the effectiveness of the research, reaching at an accurate conclusion from the collected data and making recommendations. Thus if the data collected is inaccurate, the analysis and conclusion will be wrong. To overcome these problems, the evaluator is required to design the needs of the data collectors especially where there are multiple data collectors. The evaluator

English Class Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

English Class - Essay Example The piece is evidently written in the past tense recalling the young Langston bowed on the mourning benches in his wishful attempt to see Jesus, but resorting to lie after failing to do so. The expressions of remorse after the event ended and young Langston’s loss of faith are also written from Old Langston’s perspective. The concluding paragraph further reinforces the fact that the story is indeed written from a man’s perspective as opposed to a boy’s perspective when it states â€Å"†¦ for I was a big boy twelve years old †¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Langston). Some people believe that â€Å"Salvation† was written as a part of Langston Hughes’ autobiography â€Å"The Big Sea† (Carrillo). However, the biography holds but an excerpt of the response Langston obtained from his story â€Å"Salvation†. His style of narrating his memory about the events at church allows the reader to relate to his story and evaluate the writer accordingly. It feels as though â€Å"Salvation† is a window to Langston Hughes’ life through which he let the readers learn from and intrude upon his youth. It gives the reader a feeling of knowing the author personally. â€Å"Salvation† seems to be an autobiographical piece through which Langston Hughes has shared his experiences and declared how events had molded his journey through

Victory at a price Essay Example for Free

Victory at a price Essay I ran my small pale hand shaking in the bitter winter wind, gently down his left hind leg. It felt smooth and strong, there was no sign of the recent injury. I felt a great sense of relief. It was going to be alright. Luxembourg turned his head with a white blaze down it to his mouth, towards me and gently moved his big hooves out of my way. He seemed to sense that I was nervous and touchy. It was the night before the big race. I sighed deeply; I stood to lose everything, the stables, the horses and the staff. We had not made any money for such a long time. Our lives depended on winning the second race tomorrow at Kempton Park. I woke up to the early morning sun streaming through my upstairs bedroom window. I was eager and excited but I still had some concerns that in a couple of hours, when the race finishes, he would come back safe and sound but I would be over the moon if Luxembourg was to win. It was not to long before I drove the enormous horse box, fifty five miles up to Kempton Park Racecourse on the outskirts of London, where he would be having his first run on the Racecourse just approaching two years Monday week. I was just going through the gate which said Horseboxes in big, bold and black writing engraved on the white board next to the gate. I had to show the security pass to get through. Every part of my body was trembling and shivering with anxiety and hope that Luxembourg the cute and chocolate coloured would come back safely and we would get a big run out. I was hoping in a few hours time all my hard work with staff with this horse would pay off today with a place or a win. I was shivering, I was growing colder and colder with hope, but most of all anxiety, I had now got Goosebumps running up my arms and legs, everywhere. A cold anxiety filled hour of bitter coldness has just passed; I walked the horse out into the pre parade ring. I put the saddle on tightly so it would not move as he was running the race. He was number 9, it was my lucky number, I thought could this be my lucky day today. Luxembourg and I walked round the pre parade ring a couple of times before we went into the dreaded parade ring. The atmosphere was electrifying. There were a couple of 100 people watching us, only us in the pre parade because all the other entrants had already made their way to the parade ring. My heart was in my mouth. We walked through the plastic gates through to the parade ring. There were a couple of thousand people watching us because we were the last horse to go through. I could feel Luxembourg tensing up and scared, there were lots and lots of people watching him. We walked round and round the huge parade ring. I heard a voice faintly; he said number nine looks fit and healthy. I thought to myself that must be a good sign if other people think he is fit. The first bell rang deafeningly, it meant the jockeys were to come out and mount up onto the horse. Paddy came out jogging; he came over and talked to us. He said Go from the front, see how it goes. I went over to the horse with Paddy, I gave him a leg up, and we were the first mounted up. I walked out to the course holding the horse reigns as if I was walking a dog. I said Good Luck to Paddy and let the reigns go. Luxembourg was off, his glistening coat shining in the beaming bright sun. His picturesque face standing out with the long and lovely white blaze standing out on his chocolate coloured coat. He made his way down to the 2 mile start by Swinley Bottom. I went to my place high up in the gigantic stand in front of the massive course; I was surrounded by about three million people watching the race. I was shivering and trembling. Theyre off Luxembourg went off in the lead by about ten lengths clear of the rest of the horses. A mile gone Luxembourg still ahead but the rest of the field have just come back to him. As Luxembourg came past the winning post for the first time, I shouted as loud as I could COME ON PADDY. He was going the best out of the other eight who were being nudged along a touch. He jumped the next two down at Swinley Bottom as if he was jumping for fun. It was all going well I thought to myself. The next fence came; the field of nine were bunched together. Luxembourg was still first. He jumped the next extremely well. The second horse fell and brought down the third and fourth. The ninth horse refused the fence. There was six left. Luxembourg was left three lengths clears of number 2 who was 8 lengths ahead of the remainder who were weakening rapidly. Paddy decided to kick on, He began to get tired, he came to the last fence of sixteen. He was extremely tired, he clattered the fence. The second was closing in on him on the run in. Luxembourg was idling in front. He went one way and then the other. Paddy gave him a few slaps down the neck. One hundred metres left, one furlong until the end. The second horse came closer, closer, and closer. The race went to the judge. A few minutes wait, I was trembling, shivering and Goosebumps went everywhere. The judge spoke first number 9 Luxembourg, Second Number 2 Kauto Star. I went down to pick him up, I whispered to Paddy Well Done. He was delighted. I walked him into the winners enclosure. I felt that Luxembourg was not walking as fit as usual. He was limping; we thought something must be wrong with him. He just about got into the winners enclosure. I asked the vet to look at him. The vet said he had to be put down, he could not live another hour. He was put down. I fell to the ground in complete shock. I was in tears. A puddle building up on my face. I was sweating, shivering but most of all distraught. My staff, family and I were distressed and depressed. He was the best horse I ever had for the thirteen years we have been running the stable. I thought to myself, no one can ever replace Luxembourg, he was a superior, excellent and energetic horse that will never be forgotten and always have a place in our hearts. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.

Rates of reaction:- sodium thiosulphate + hydrochloric acid :: GCSE Chemistry Coursework Investigation

Rates of reaction:- sodium thiosulphate + hydrochloric acid Plan:- We must produce a piece of coursework investigating the rates of reaction, and the effect that changing one particular variable has on the reaction time. The rate of reaction is the time it takes one or more of the reactants to react or the time it takes to produce a new product from a chemical reaction. To work out the reaction time we use the formula. 1 divided by time taken for reaction There are five factors which affect the rate of a reaction, according to the collision theory of reacting particles: 1. temperature of solution, 2. concentration of solution, 3. pressure of gases in reaction, 4. surface area of reactants, 5. Catalysts. For my preliminary experiments I have chosen to investigate the effect temperature and concentration have on a reaction. I have chosen to investigate these reactants because the are the most practical for the lab and equipment that I have available to use also it would take to much time to prepare a solid in powdered and unpowdered form, and it is difficult to get accurate readings due to the inevitabilities of human errors, and as gas is mostly colourless it is difficult to gauge a reaction changing the pressure, and if a substance is added to give the gas colour, it may influence the outcome of the experiment. Similarly the use of a catalyst complicates things, and if used incorrectly could alter the outcome of the experiment. My preliminary experiments showed me that it would me more practical and time saving if I just altered the temperature of the solution as changing the concentration of the solution was very time consuming. However the preliminary experiments also helped me to choose a suitable strength of solution. Aim:- To see the effects of a change in temperature on the rate of a reaction. The reaction that will be used is: Sodium Thiosulphate + Hydrochloric Acid. Na2S2O3 (aq) + 2HCl (aq) . As I decided after my preliminary experiments I will only carry out one experiment, temperature change whilst all other variables stay constant. As both, sodium thiosulphate and hydrochloric acid are soluble in water it means that I would be able to alter the concentration of either of them. However I have chosen to vary the sodium thiosulphate as it is available in larger amounts. To alter the temperature of the solution a water bath will be used to heat up the acid, thiosulphate and water to the necessary temperature. I decided on my range temperatures and the concentration that I would use during my preliminary series of experiments - I would be using a concentration of 0.

Dunkin Donuts: Strategy and Strategic Management Essay

â…  . Introduction of the Company Dunkin’ Donuts is an American global doughnut company and coffehouse chain based in Canton, Massachusetts. In 1948, William Rosenberg opened his first restaurant as Open Kettle, in Quincy, Massachusetts. In 1949, the name ‘Open Kettle’ was changed to ‘Kettle Donuts’. In 1950, it was founded by William Rosenberg in Quincy, Massachusetts. And the now corporate name Dunkin’ Donuts adopted. In 1955, Rosenberg sold franchise of Dunkin’ Donuts to others. In 1959, Rosenberg was began lobbying for Dunkin’ Donuts at the International Franchise Association. In 1963, the chain’s 100th restaurant opened. In 1979, Growth was exponential starting. The chain had 1,000 restaurants. In 1990, the chain had 2,000 restaurants. In 1992, the chain had 3,000 restaurants. In 1996, bagels were introduced to the Dunkin’ Donuts menu. In 1997, breakfast sandwiches were introduced to the Dunkin’ Donuts menu. Dunkindonut.org was founded by a customer, for disgruntled consumers and employees to lodge complaints about the company. In 1999, the site appeared before the company’s own website in many search engines, and received national media coverage before being purchased by Dunkin’ Donuts. In 2002, Rosenberg passed away from bladder cancer at the age of 86 in his Mashepee, Cape Cod home. In 2004, the company’s headquarters were relocated to Canton. In 2006, Dunkin’ Donuts began using the slogan â€Å"America Runs on Dunkin† which continues to be used in many advertisement campaigns. In 2007, Dunkin’ Donuts featured tear-off pieces on its coffee cups and created a promotional campaign centered on a coffee cup named Joe Dunkin. In 2008, Dunkin’ Donuts opened its first â€Å"green† restaurant in St. Peterburg, Florida that is Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design(LEED) certified. On December 10,2008, Nigel Travis was appointed Chief Excutive Officer of Dunkin’ Donuts’ Brands. Dunkin’ Donuts offered a 99 cent latte, cappuccino, and espresso promotion from 1-10 pm. In 2009, Nigel Travis assumed the role of Dunkin’ Donuts President. Dunkin’ Donuts temporarily stopped the sale of Dunkaccino and hot chocalate because of concern of a possible salmonella poisoning at a suppplier’s facilities. The Kainos Partners Holding Co., which owned and operated 56 Dunkin’ Donuts, filed for bankruptcy. In 2010, Dunkin’ Donuts’ gloabal system-wide sales were $6 billion. In 2011, Dunkin’ Donuts ranked first for customer loyalty in the coffee category by Brand Keys.(~2016) In 2012, Dunkin’ Donuts switched its beverage provider from PepsiCo to The Coca-Cola but Canadian restaurants. Dunkin’ Donuts launched its first-ever mobile application for payment and gifting for iPhone, iPod touch and Android smartphones. In 2013, Nigel Travis assumed the role of Chairman of the Board and Paul Twohig was appointed to President, Dunkin’ Donuts U.S & Canada. Dunkin’ Brands was bought by French beverage company Pernod Ricard S.A.   The Dunkin’ Donuts chain in Thailand used an advertisement that contained a photograph of a woman in black face-paint, and then was criticized by racist. In 2014, Dunkin’ Donuts is owned by Dunkin’ Brands Inc. that also owns Baskin-Robbins.1 â… ¡. Background of the Case Case7 is Strategy and Strategic Management parts. The group will try a combination of the Dunkin Donuts SWOT analysis coming out to Takeaway7.2 in it. Dunkin Donuts is located firmly in the brand image itself a product called donut when viewed in terms of Strength first. So, you are ahead of the exclusive position in the same line of business. Loyal customers of Dunkin Donuts are sufficiently secured as much as the preemption. In addition, there is a confidence in marketing as much as  maintaining the top spot by far the confectionery industry, also the ability of marketing, it is world-class standards. In the second Weakness surface, recognition of the donut is high, awareness of Dunkin coffee is insufficient. In addition, due to excessive low-price policy, image of low-cost coffee are planted. And with the exception of coffee, drink alternative missing. In addition, the sense of crisis has increased the advent of direct competitors, such as Krispy Kreme. However, in Opportunity surface, Life patterns of consumers, rather than rice and miso soup with bread and coffee were changed. The greatest opportunities is that number of competitor is small. So is that customer acquisition potential of the donut market is large. Bean market has many competitors. However, the possibility of development of the market potential has a number of advantages. Finally let’s look at the part of the threat. Not good visual of Fast Food. And Due to the recession, consumer sentiment will have been shrinking. Due to preemption of coffee bar in the coffee market will be larger for the anxiety. Next the group will explain 4P strategy. First, let’s look at the side of the Price of 4P. Donut has maintained the price of 700-900 yens, Coffee is between 1900-2900 won the traditional coffee brands to be priced much lower than. This leads to a competitive product that can be together a delicious coffee and donuts at 4000 yen is the price of a cup of coffee Starbuck. However, the image of coffee poor quality of low-cost, there is no competitiveness. So, Dunkin ‘Donuts is tried to produce a new production for Fussy appetite domestic consumers. Reasonable price in terms of taste and quality as well as Dunkin’ Donuts is an advantage. In terms of the product, Dunkin’ Donuts is the core of the approximately 50 more Donuts and recently more diverse is the coffee. Use only Al Rabika John coffee beans, management and strict retention period, use only the high quality that meets packaged (packaging), Dunkin coffee is inclined efforts of most clean and freshness. In addition, The basic idea of the Dunkin ‘Donuts is the QSC. Q is quality of the product (Quality), S is the course all services (Service), C is means cleanliness most important in food (Cleanliness). In order to protect the QSC, Apart from other products to make the donuts each region operates 10 plants twice a day produces fresh  donuts. In addition, if the distribution is limited to 12 hours per day overdue. Made on the day of the donut, but can sell to consumers with strict internal discipline. In third aspect place, It is intended for office workers and college students in their 20s and 30s are the most important core layer, Dunkin Donuts, important Jongno, and university district and Gangnam which I opened a store such. Lung shop rate and stay in less than 5%, I’m running the first also to ensure the distribution chain. However, as important as the fact that increasing the number of stores is the atmosphere of the store. Went to make the image work and home, and during the middle of the store through the ads in a variety of media. Strategy to place a comfortable third he was successful in the same way as home. Gentrification of these places is as important as to gentrification the quality of the product. Finally, promotion, for connecting in relation to consumer intense, yet friendly awareness of Dunkin ‘brand that is already known in order to solidify to consolidate its position as one of the existing market in, I was the advertising executive on a large scale. It was great results from a subject and rapid industrialization, the office workers in their 20s and 30s that are always busy with work, we performed aggressive marketing that appealed to the sensibility. When you eat a donut to be out from the sale of donut simple, always, enjoys with coffee, women in their 20s and 30s like Lee Byung Hun, Kim Jae Won, advertisements that put a strong message, by the executive with the actor handsome young like Otani Ryohei, and attracted the eyes of these. â… ¢ Answers to Questions â… ¢-1. what does a Porter’s Five Forces analysis reveal about the industry in which Dunkin Donuts and starbuck’s compete, and what are its strategic implications for Dunkin Donuts? Dunkin Donuts make challenge to Starbucks. Tony Fabez who is the COO of Dunkin international said â€Å"You can drink fresh brewed coffee only passed 2~4 weeks at Dunkin while you drink coffee made by coffee bean which passed 6 months from roasted.† Dunkin actually originally have sell coffee, but Dunkin challenge king of coffee shop-Starbucks,2 so Dunkin is new entrance  of coffee market. Dunkin’s competitive benefit is overwhelming number of franchises and cheaper price. Starbucks original coffee costs 2.5$ while Dunkins original coffee costs 1.9$. Primarily coffee market has low entry barrier. I learned in society class that coffee producing country can’t start price fixing because coffee is easy to growing. Rivalry among existing firms is intensive. There are so many coffee shops like Starbucks, Hollys coffee, Tom and Toms coffee, etc.. Saturation is exact. In other word, a lots number of coffee shop are presenting the large needs of coffee. Suppliers-as yo u know, there are abundant suppliers- buyers easily gets coffee beans. And competitors also can easily gets coffee beans. Actually coffee suppliers are selling it for too cheap price so buyer takes too much benefits.3 except coffee bean supplier, there are coffee roaster supplier, but I think their tiny company can’t exert their influence to major companies. Buyer-I think those company should take care of the buyers, the most should pay attention, buyers are sensitive at taste and price but they take a serious view of accessibility, service, awareness and atmosphere. Dunkin has better accessibility but if buyers first meet friend in a long time or meet people in business, they will go to Starbucks not dunkin! It means Starbucks’ competitive benefit is formality. Subtitute products-What can subtitute coffee? There are no tea franchise. Except alchol, there aren’t any ‘hot’ beverage like coffee. Recent 5 years, coffee importation market become 3 times bigger. I think anything can’t subtitute coffee yet.4 Dunkin donuts covet Starbucks unsing huge funds power and distribution network. The business doesn’t needs heavy investment and decision. Dunkin get bigger and bigger and invasing other companies. But coffee market has low entry barrier. Dunkin could be threated by bigger major company at any time. If Dunkin want survive at market, it should develop their new own competitive benefit. For example, Starbucks distribute soluble coffee which has brand of Starbucks. â… ¢-2 Q: In what ways is Dunkin’ Donuts presently using strategic alliances, and how could cooperative strategies further assist with its master plan for growth? Dunkin’ Donuts often partners with a select group of retailers-such as Stop &  Shop and Wal-Mart. This activity has found another new market in those people who need to have a rest in shopping. The cooperative strategies are very useful in fierce market, it can low the cost of open new coffee store and acquire more profit. Dunkin’ Donuts has been joining with many theme parks, ball parks, important places and lodges. They also have expanded to sporting venues like Fenway Park and the TD Bank north Garden. Partnering with popular companies and organizations helps them gain popularity and shows how popular places support Dunkin’ Donuts. Dunkin’ Donuts has come up with a brilliant new strategy for growth within the coffee industry. In 2002 the company formed an alliance with Stop & Shop Supermarkets. The agreement allowed Dunkin Donuts to have a full service coffee shop in over 5,000 stores throughout Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York and New Jersey. This partnership benefitted the Stop & Shop Supermarket’s business because it added value for the customers to drink gourmet coffee during grocery shopping.5 â… ¢-3 Q: Do you see evidence of strategic leadership in Dunkin’s U.S. expansion plans if so how? Expand into new markets using a disciplined approach. They believe that the Western part of the U.S. represents a significant growth opportunity for Dunkin Donuts. Specifically, in the near-term, they intend to maintain a focus on development in contiguous markets that are adjacent to their existing base, and generally move outward to less penetrated markets in progression, providing for marketing and supply chain. Although Dunkin’ Donuts has a strong presence in Northeastern U.S., they do not have a strong presence in other areas of the country. The map below depicts the abundant amount of stores in the East compared to the rest of the country. By 2020, however, they plan to have a total of 15,000 stores in the United States which would almost double their current U.S. presence. In addition to the United States, Dunkin’ Donuts has been serving customers internationally for over 40 years and currently operates over 3,100 stores in 32 countries. Their growth is successfu l due to their store consistency and strong franchises; out of their approximately 10,000 stores worldwide, about 7,000 of them are franchises. Therefore, consistency between these stores is of  great importance. Dunkin’ Donuts now offers Dunkin’ Donuts K-Cup ® portion packs, making â€Å"America’s Favorite Coffee† available for use with the Keurig ® Single-Cup Brewing system. Sold exclusively at participating Dunkin’ Donuts restaurants in the United States, Dunkin’ K-Cup ® portion packs are offered in five popular flavors, including Original Blend, Dunkin’ Decaf ®, French Vanilla, Hazelnut and Dunkin’ Dark ® Roast. Dunkin Donuts has designed a strategy of cost leadership. Cost leadership id defined as offering the same product of equal or better quality at a price that is equal to or less than the competition. Since most consumers today are very price/cost conscious, this type of business strategy is very appealing to them. It makes for a lower profit margin but allows for greater volume of sold product. This strategy can be difficult to attain as it requir es great discipline in controlling costs and expenditures. The overall operations of the business must be kept in check at all times in order to maintain a lower price over its competitors. Dunkin Donuts’ produces more product sales than that of Starbuck’s, its nearest competitor. All prices at restaurant chains are fixed but because Dunkin’ sells a higher volume of product they are able to maintain overall profitability. Dunkin’s carries only a limited number of items which allows for better controls along with superior customer service. Like its competitors, Starbucks and McDonald’s, Dunkin’ Donuts offers the same great service at each one of its independently owned locations. Most Dunkin’ Donuts Stores are placed strategically in centers with a lower rent factor. Furthermore, since all of Dunkin’ items come from the same vendors, costs can be easily controlled. Should any of these vendors choose to increase prices, Dunkin’ can easily find new vendors.6 IV. Compare with another company in similar issue of chapter. Dunkin Donuts 1. Basic strategy – Expand the U.S market, Entry into the world’s major regions Through the expansion of the store any region can see a dunkin. Dunkin images in life that can be planted. 2. Enhanced coffee beverages sold. Drink 50% Coffee 20% Meal 30% sales. Coffee market, trying to stand up . 3 .Dount is favorite food from Meal replacement food by repositioning. Dunkin Donuts coffee in the morning to visit and eat. American peoples wake up and eat breakfast at the Dunkin Donuts.. 4. Star marketing using celebrities and characters. The stars who appeared in the popular, If planted in high-quality give consumers the impression that donut. (Michael Vale trademark Dunkin 80s) 5. Dunkins’ image In life with the trends in consumer preferences the timely development of new products. Made by other companies inside the trend Dunkin had their own way, the product is immediately released quickly. Dunkin has released bagels a lot of revenues. 6. Live to die. Almost all companies when his company is unlikely to change the advertising strategy. But dunkin is different. Brand power is at highest out a new advertising. AS a result, today’s Maker of the world’s largest coffee and bakery is growing. The change in the timing of the match and the change to a new level, because it changed the brand marketing strategy . Krispy Kreme Donuts. 2004 in Korea first open. On December 16, 2004 , the first â€Å"HOT NOW† neon sign was turned on in Korea for the first Time in Asia. As of 2012, Krispy Kreme provides customers with warm and fresh doughnuts In its about 70 nationwide stores. SWOT analysis Strength – LOTTE shopping with partnership. LOTTE is experience in distribution and catering business and know-how plenty. So it is possible to differentiate the taste of donuts. Marketing strategy So it was trying to create a brand image of sophisticated. Unique marketing (Offer free donuts , Word-of-mouth marketing , The unique packaging) Automated Production Systems. Showed the customers manufacturing process (Experience for customers) If you buy a lot offered a discount ( dozen) Weakness The sweetness of the donut and High calorie. Therefore Koreans are likely to not fit national mouth. Low accessibility , High price. Opportunity So the price is low and 10 junior and senior high school students prefer a sweet food. You can easily buy a hand and Satisfies the needs of their preferred products So twenties is main targeting customers. .To have a family and have a wonderful time out to take advantage of as many Take-out. Threats The low level of competition in the donut market. Formed before the start of business from word-of-mouth. Because of Dunkin Donut products consumers there is recognition that the Dunkin Donuts Dunkin first mover advantage market → Market share 90% The spread of cultural well-being. In addition, a number of competitors have entered the country. (Mr.Donut , Tono studio dount) Totally compared [Dunkin VS Krispy Kreme] Doughnut market is Dunkin Donut is the first shop in itaewon in 1994. Dunkin is 10 years donut market has been monopolized. But the killer is Dunkin Donut’s Krispy Kreme donuts are made in korea market entry in 2004. Broke an official Dunkin=Donuts. Krispy Kreme donuts could reason against because the only way to differentiate manner. Hard and we have domesticated white powder donuts , fluffy and warm donuts is the impact of new. Dunkin Donuts does not  have a special representative of the product. Unlike Krsipy Kreme made directly from the store piping hot representative of the original glazed products layer was targeting mania. Also, instead of receiving undue criticism PPL ad, A neon sign is turned on â€Å"hot now† give away free donuts, hot offers and events, Consumers are prepared to look at a donut unveiled. Because of this differentiated strategy, Krispy Kreme donuts in the domestic market in two years revenue grew by 200%. While Dunkin Donut’s is marke t share decline and there was no revenue growth. More, Dunkin Donuts is the number of stores is often compared to its competitors However, revenue can be compared to its competitors is the third. More difficult for the economy, the donut market has a booming. Dunkin Donuts since 2010, a day 3-5time directly from the store baked donuts providing customers with introduced the system PFD(Premium Fresh Donuts). Made at the factory was trying to get out into the image. While, Krispy Kreme donuts, making the product directly to retail stores is expansion difficult to operate. So, distribution you can quickly produced a small donut shop was opened in fresh shop. As a result, its plans to increase market share. Dunkin Donuts stores are conscious of latecomers to bake donuts that directly is because Krispy Kreme as its competitors it is a threats. These days, focusing on the side of coffee than donuts, so will get lost in a lot of donuts customer. Krispy Kreme is makes it easy to find the customers, if you expand the number of stores. One w ill be able to go higher than the top of the industry.7 V. Conclusion So in this report, we are decided Dunkin’ Donuts has five competitive point Similar as Porter’s five forces. A. Substitute product : Krispy Kreme Dunkin Donuts does not have a special representative of the product. Unlike Krsipy Kreme made directly from the store piping hot representative of the original glazed products layer was targeting mania. Also, instead of receiving undue criticism PPL ad, A neon sign is turned on â€Å"hot now† give away free donuts, hot offers and events, Consumers are prepared to look at a donut unveiled. Because of this differentiated strategy, Krispy Kreme donuts in the domestic market in two years revenue grew by 200%. While Dunkin  Donut’s is market share decline and there was no revenue growth. More, Dunkin Donuts is the number of stores is often compared to its competitors However, revenue can be compared to its competitors is the third. More difficult for the economy, the donut market has a booming. Dunkin Donuts since 2010, a day 3-5time directly from the store baked donuts providing customers with introduced the system PFD(Premium Fresh Donuts). Made at the factory was trying to get out into the image. While, Krispy Kreme donuts, making the product directly to retail stores is expansion difficult to operate. So, distribution you can quickly produced a small donut shop was opened in fresh shop. As a result, its plans to increase market share. B. New Entrants: Mister Donut Now almost all Mister Donut stores have changed their names to Dunkin’ Donuts, and Mister Donut no longer exists anymore in America. However, before Mister Donut was acquired, both Dunkin’ Donuts and Mister Donut had started to do business in Japan in the 1970’s. Dunkin’ Donuts was run by a food company, Yoshinoya, which mainly provides a meal known as beef rice bowl. Mister Donut was run by a cleaning company, Duskin, in Japan. Dunkin’ Donuts failed in Japan and withdrew, but Mister Donut succeeded and dominated the doughnut industry in Japan. Even now, Mister Donut continues to be the most popular doughnut chain in Japan, even though you can’t find it anymore in America. On the contrary, you can’t find any Dunkin’ Donuts in Japan, even though it is the world biggest doughnut chain. 8 C. Suppliers: Coca-Cola Reuters reports that Dunkin’ Donuts has dropped PepsiCo drinks in favor of Coca-Cola products at its 9,400 Dunkin’ and Baskin Robbins shops across the U.S. Terms of the deal haven’t been disclosed, Reuters notes, but the move likely left a bad taste in the mouths of Pepsi executives. In January, Dunkin’ revealed plans to double the number of existing Dunkin’ Donuts stores over the next two decades, according toThe Consumerist. Still, Pepsi released a polite statement, noting that, â€Å"Dunkin’ Donuts has been a valued partner of PepsiCo over the last five years and we’ve enjoyed being part of  its success.† Enterprise News reports that the Dunkin’ Donuts deal covers Coke’ juice, energy drink and water brands, including Powerade, Minute Maid, Simply, Dasani and Vitaminwater. Coke beverages will appear at Dunkin’ Donuts and Baskin-Robbins shops by late spring, and all Pepsi drinks will disappear by August .9 D. Customers In Opportunity surface, life pattern of the consumer rather than the rice and miso soup, I began to turn into bread and coffee. And, it has the characteristics associated with Take-out culture on the theme of coffee and a donut to eat easily Dunkin Donuts. The greatest opportunity is that the acquisition of potential customers donut market is large by competitors in the market of donut is very small. And while competitors often market of beans, potential for development of the potential market also has a number of advantages. Dunkin Donuts’ have its own strategy. They have grown as the doughnut market leader. In spite of several competitors and new entrances, they continuously have developed their own strategic management. For fulfilling customers’ demand, they will study the best strategy from now and on.

Linguistics and Language Essay

Language Comprehension †¢Language Production †¢Language Acquisition Psycholinguistics is a branch of cognitive science What will be covered in this class? †¢ How do we produce and recognize speech? †¢ How do we perceive words, letters, and sentences? †¢ How do we learn and recall information from texts? †¢ How can we improve texts to make them easier to understand? †¢ How does the brain function to process language? †¢ What are the causes and effects of reading disabilities? Is there language in other species? Central themes in psycholinguistics 1)  What knowledge of language is needed for us to use language? Tacit (implicit) knowledge vs. Explicit knowledge †¢ tacit: knowledge of how to perform something, but not aware of full rules †¢ explicit: knowledge of the processes of mechanisms in performing that thing 2)  What cognitive processes are involved in the ordinary use of language? How do we understand a lecture, read a book, hold a conversation? Cognitive processes: perception, memory, thinking, learning Some definitions of basic components of language: Semantics: The meaning of words and sentences Syntax: The grammatical arrangement of words in a sentence or phrase Phonology: The sound pattern of language Pragmatics: How language is used in a social context Examples from psycholinguistics Parsing garden path sentences The novice accepted the deal before he had a chance to check his finances, which put him in a state of conflict when he realized he had a straight flush. 1) The defendant examined by the lawyer turned out to be unreliable 2) The evidence examined by the lawyer turned out to be unreliable The process of parsing is the process of making decisions The effect of prior knowledge on comprehension The procedure is actually quite simple. First you arrange things into different groups. Of course, one pile may be sufficient depending on how much there is to do. If you have to go somewhere else due to lack of facilities, that is the next step; otherwise you are pretty well set. It is important not to overdo things. That is, it is better to do too few things at once than too many. In the short run this may not seem important, but complications can easily arise. A mistake can be expensive as well. At first the whole procedure will seem complicated. Soon, however, it will become just another facet of life. It is difficult to foresee any end to the necessity for this task in the immediate future, but then one never can tell. After the procedure is completed, one arranges the materials into different groups again. Then they can be put into their appropriate places. Eventually they will be used once more, and the whole cycle will then have to be repeated. However, that is part of life. Bransford & Johnson, 1973 Recall: No context: 2. 8 idea units out of a maximum of 18 Context afterwards: 2. 7 idea units Context before: 5. 8 idea units Child language development How many words do you know? Hint: Dictionary has about: 450,000 entries Test high school graduates: How many words do they know? About 45,000 english words About 60,000 including names and foreign words The average six year old knows about 13,000 words. Learning about 10 words per day since age 1. (One every 90 minutes) How much do we have to teach children to learn language? Do you have to teach a child to walk? Is it the same way of learning a language? My teacher holded the baby rabbits and we patted them I eated my dinner A brief history of psycholinguistics Wilhem Wundt (early 1900s) Interest in mental processes of language production Sentence as the primary unit of language †¢ Speech production is the transformation of complete thought processes into sequentially organized speech segments. Behaviorism (1920s-1950s) †¢ Rejected the focus on mental processes †¢ Measurement based on objective behavior (primarily in lab animals) †¢ How does experience (reward and punishment) shape behavior? B. F. Skinner: Children learn language through shaping (correction of speech errors) Associative chain theory: A sentence consists of a chain of associations between individual words in the sentence What’s wrong with the behaviorist approach? Noam Chomsky (1950s – present) 1) Colorless green ideas sleep furiously 2) Furiously sleep ideas green colorless. 3)  George picked up the baby 4)  George picked the baby up. Almost every sentence uttered is a new combination of words The Poverty of stimulus argument: There is not enough information in the language samples given to children to account for the richnes and complexity of children’s language The pattern of development is not based on parental speech but on  innate  language knowledge Linguistic Diversity vs. Linguistic Universals Linguistic diversity There appears to be a lot of diversity among languages Even within languages there is diversity When are two languages different? We speak the same language if we can understand each other Exceptions: Norwegian and Swedish Cantonese and Mandarin Dialects within languages: The myth of pure language How/why do languages change? Why does there seem to be a â€Å"correct† English? Members of the dominant (most powerful) sub-culture tend to speak one dialect and may punish those who do not Linguistic Chauvinism Belief that one’s own language/dialect is the best of all possible languages Black English Vernacular (BEV) Study by William Labov Interviewed African-American street youth You know, like some people say if you’re good an’ sh*t, your spirit goin’ t’heaven . . . ‘n if you bad, your spirit goin’ to hell. Well, bullsh*t! Your spirit goin’ to hell anyway, good or bad. [Why? ] Why? I’ll tell you why. ‘Cause, you see, doesn’ nobody really know that it’s a God, y’know, ‘cause I mean I have seen black gods, white gods, all color gods, and don’t nobody know it’s really a God. An’ when they be sayin’ if you good, you goin’ t’heaven, tha’s bullsh*t, ‘cause you ain’t goin’ to no heaven, ‘cause it ain’t no heaven for you to go to. †¢ Place holders: â€Å"There† vs. â€Å"It† in the copula Copula: â€Å"Is†, â€Å"Was† optional †¢ Negatives: â€Å"You ain’t goin’ to no heaven† BEV just as linguistically complex as Standard American English We don’t see/understand the complexity in other languages Moral: All languages seem to permit as wide range of expressions as others Linguistic Universals What is in common with all languages? Sentences are built from words based on the same physiological processes †¢ All languages have words †¢ All humans have ways of making sounds. †¢ Languages tend to use a small set of phonemic sounds †¢ Phoneme: The minimal unit of sound that contributes to meaning How many phonemes in a language? English: 40 phonemes †¢ Range: Polynesian 11 to Khoisan 141 Discreteness Messages in human language (e. g. speech sounds) are made up of units of which there is a discrete (limited) number Arbitrariness The relationship between meaningful elements in language and their denotation is independent of any physical resemblance between the two. Words do not have to look or sound like what they describe Openness †¢ New linguistic messages are created freely and easily †¢ Languages are not constrained in a way so that there are a limited number of messages that can be created.

Psychological Aspects of Genetic Research essays

Psychological Aspects of Genetic Research essays In recent news and scientific publications, there has been a great deal written in the area of genetic research. New discoveries of ways to possibly cure disease or rebuild life-saving tissues and organs based on this type of research hold great promise. In addition, this type of therapy raises the question of other applications, particularly in the area of mental illness and diseases. There have not been many concrete findings in this field, but certain experimental research results are fascinating. Experiments in this field are on the forefront of psychological and genetic research. Many connections can be made between genetics and certain psychological expressive traits or genes such as; intelligence, ADHD, schizophrenia, bipolar, depression, aggression, and anxiety. Many of these emotion-based illnesses, such as manic depression and schizophrenia, can be connected to the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT) and the 5-HT2c receptor. Another area of the brain under research is the myelin sheath about schizophrenia and manic depression. The brain chemical Serotonin has been the newest target of medication known as anti-depressants, and drugs that deal with mood stabilization. Another gene that is currently being researched at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland is a single gene: Pet-1. This gene regulates the production of serotonin and controls the communication between cells. Serotonin levels have previously been proven to influence emotion, learning, memory, and pain detection. "These small number of neurons can sprinkle serotonin all over the brain. That's why they have been implicated in so many brain processes and psychiatric disorders. But we know extremely little about them. This is the first gene we've found to control this," says study author Evan Deneris, an associate professor of neuroscience at Case Western. The studies of the serotonin transporter gene indicate a distinct phenotype of adults wit...

Inspiration and Advice About Divorce

Inspiration and Advice About Divorce You must have heard the famous proverb, The road to hell is paved with good intentions. All marriages are fraught with problems. Show me a perfect match, and I will show you the worlds greatest illusion. So if you are getting out of the marriage because it did not work out the way you envisioned your perfect life to be, wake up to the real world. Divorce Affects the Whole Family If  there seems to be no chance of reconciliation, divorce may be  inevitable. A relationship devoid of love is no relationship at all. If your spouse and you have decided to go ahead with the divorce, you need to make sure to handle the breakup sensitively. Not just assets and money are at stake; your near and dear ones are also going to bear the brunt of the breakup. Hence, keeping your emotions at a neutral level, you need to ensure that others are not hurt by your decision. Divorce will have an irreversible impact on your family. Children and even ​pets go through emotional upheaval and mental trauma. You need to treat them with great sensitivity, keeping their interest and well-being in mind. Whether you choose to move to a new house, city, or town, make sure that your family does not suffer due to a change of surroundings. Shake Off the Post-Divorce Gloom If divorce has affected you, take some time off work to heal yourself. Join a yoga class, learn a new  language, go out with friends, or even rekindle your childhood hobbies. The loneliness after separation may initially seem unbearable, but be optimistic about moving on. Remind yourself that you are now in control of your life, and you will depend only on yourself for your happiness. Don’t feel guilty about the divorce. Accept your mistakes, and be generously forgiving of yourself. There is no point living in self-pity or condemnation. How to Cope With Loneliness If you are feeling low, read these quotes about moving on. Vent your sadness with sad love quotes. Hang out with friends who are supportive and caring. Make new friends, even though you dont feel ready for a commitment. Dont feel guilty about having fun. You are entitled to happiness, just as everyone else is. Renew Your Life With Optimism Divorce may be the end of a relationship, but it could also open avenues for new relationships. You  also have the chance to reinvent yourself. Take this opportunity to learn more about yourself. Reflect on your life and past mistakes. If you are moving into a new relationship, learn lessons from your previous relationships. Dont carry the baggage of old memories into your new relationship. They can only add to your woes. Instead of living on regrets and nostalgia, look ahead with optimism and dreams. Get inspired to challenge your limits and aim high. Your enthusiasm can help renew your life. Use these divorce quotes as good counsel. You may not be able to undo your past or avoid the divorce, but you can at least ensure that your future relationships don’t suffer in the same way. These divorce quotes provide you with adequate food for thought along with some invaluable insight on relationships. Quotes Robert Anderson: In every marriage more than a week old, there are grounds for divorce. The trick is to find, and continue to find, grounds for marriage. Walt Whitman: Re-examine all you have been told. Dismiss what insults your soul. Mark Gungor, Laugh Your Way to a Better Marriage: Marriage problems are relationship problems, they are the result of how two people interact with each other. You may abandon a troubled marriage, but you will still bring the way you interact with others along with you. Nora Ephron: Marriages come and go, but divorces are forever. Christina Aguilera: My parents divorce and hard times at school, all those things combined to mold me, to make me grow up quicker. And it gave me the drive to pursue my dreams that I wouldnt necessarily have had otherwise. Evan Esar: Divorce is the price people play for playing with matches. Rita Mae Brown: Divorce is the one human tragedy that reduces everything to cash. Helen Rowland: When two people decide to get a divorce, it isnt a sign that they dont understand one another, but a sign that they have, at last, begun to. Roseanne Barr: Take this marriage thing seriously it has to last all the way to the divorce. Zoe Stern: Divorce can sometimes be for the better. You may end up with happier parents, and you will definitely learn a lot about yourself! And thats the whole point of growing up. So if you think about it, there are reasons to be happy about this experience, if you can learn and grow from it. Jack Benny: My wife Mary and I have been married for forty-seven years and not once have we had an argument serious enough to consider divorce; murder, yes, but divorce, never. Suzanne Finnamore, Split: The snag about marriage is, it isnt worth the divorce. American Proverb: The easiest way to get a divorce is to be married. Helen Rowland: Nowadays love is a matter of chance, matrimony a matter of money, and divorce a matter of course. Gerald F. Lieberman: Divorce is a declaration of independence with only two signers. David Arquette: People that go through what I went through and people going through divorce, its really a difficult  process; its heartbreaking and it hurts really bad. It can really mess with your head. Joan Rivers: Half of all marriages end in divorce and then there are the really unhappy ones. Voltaire: Friendship is the marriage of the soul, and this marriage is liable to divorce. Al Goldstein: If you cannot work on the marriage or the women is a moron, staying married and cheating makes the most sense because divorce is disruptive to the family life and your bank account. Erica Jong: There is a rhythm to the ending of a marriage just like the rhythm of a courtship only backward. You try to start again but get into blaming over and over. Finally you are both worn out, exhausted, hopeless. Then lawyers are called in to pick clean the corpses. The death has occurred much earlier. Zsa Zsa Gabor: Getting divorced just because you dont love a man is almost as silly as getting married just because you do. Robert Conklin: Its not the situation. Its your reaction to the situation. Margaret Trudeau: It takes two to destroy a marriage. Gary Chapman: Divorce is the result of a lack of preparation for marriage and the failure to learn the skills of working together as teammates in an intimate relationship. Oliver Stone: Anybody whos been through a divorce will tell you that at one point theyve thought murder. The line between thinking murder and doing murder isnt that major. Jewish Proverb: When two divorced people marry, four people get into bed. Jennifer Weiner: Divorce isnt such a tragedy. A tragedys staying in an unhappy marriage, teaching your children the wrong things about love. Nobody ever died of divorce. Frank Pittman: Bad marriages dont cause infidelity; infidelity causes bad marriages. Ambrose Bierce: Divorce: a resumption of diplomatic relations and rectification of boundaries. Fred Rogers, Mister Rogers Talks With Parents: For a couple with young children, divorce seldom comes as a â€Å"solution† to stress, only as a way to end one form of pain and accept another. Joseph Campbell: When people get married because they think its a long-time love affair, theyll be divorced very soon, because all love affairs end in disappointment. But marriage is a recognition of a spiritual identity. Frank Pittman: Fidelity is the single most important element in solidly enduring marriages. Mary Kay Blakeley, American Mom: Divorce is the psychological equivalent of a triple coronary bypass. Margaret Atwood: A divorce is like an amputation: you survive it, but theres less of you.

Supervision and Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Supervision and Leadership - Essay Example This paper highlights that leadership is not about management. Leadership focuses on the top line and Management focuses on the bottom line. While managers focus on the numbers, leaders focus on people. Management is doing things right whereas leadership is doing the right things. Team building and vision are the core of leadership. Leadership is all about building peak performing teams, teams focused on accomplishing goals. Leaders are able to effectively communicate and motivate the team to perform the set goals. As the report stresses leaders face the challenge of being part of a group while simultaneously leading it. This is hard to do well and requires a mix of skill, hard work, initiative, and discretion. A leader’s ultimate responsibility is the management of the group: ensuring safety, while providing an experience for the participants. Leaders work to make the expedition run smoothly and work together to ensure the project aims are met. A good leader recognizes that they cannot do everything and they have to involve their team. Many of the leader’s responsibilities can be delegated to members of the group. Leaders should remember that for many tasks, demonstration is better than explanation. Leaders must monitor progress against: the targets, the motivation and the enthusiasm of the team; the suitability of individuals for specific jobs; and many other items.

Question answer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Question answer - Essay Example The details mentioned in the data require that the long run rate of return must be calculated using the formula of present value of dividend using Dividend Discount Model. . PV GROWING PERPETUITY (DIVIDEND DISCOUNT MODEL) Data: Present Value of Share PV O USD.150 Dividend for the First Year D1 USD. 7 Growth g 0.04 Rate of return r ? FORMULA REARRANGED In the above provided case since the value of price was already provided, the formula for such payments has been manipulated and rate of return has been evaluated. The formula for DDM for the current price of shares is rearranged for the calculation of rate of the return. Applying this arrangement, the long term rate of return for the company is as follows: r 0.086667 r 8.67% Hence, the expected long run rate of return is 8.67%.This refers that when company is paying 60 percent of the earning as dividend to shareholders and investors are pricing the share at USD.150, the required rate of return in the long terms is 6.67%. This percentag e assumes that price is based on incorporating all information about the company. The formula can be summarized as the ratio of the cash flows of dividends received in the future periods by the net difference of the discount rate and the growth rate. This formula is developed on the concept that current price of stocks are a series of payments which grows as dividend perpetually at a constant rate. . The formula assumes that the payments of dividends are received for an infinite period at constant growth rate. For the calculation of Present value it is very important that the discount rate used for the calculation is higher than the growth rate.. PART B Dividend discount model assumes that the price of stocks follows constant growth indefinitely across the life of the company (McLaney, 2009). However, on actual grounds the growth of the company varies from time to time. For instance, in the above case, The Company aims to expand and therefore, therefore, has changed the dividend pol icy across for five years (Ross, Westerfield, and Jordan, 2009). In such case, two stage dividend discount model is used to evaluate the price of the stock in current year. In such a system of two staged growth, the price of stocks are measured by calculating the present value of dividend streams by discounting it with required rate of return. For the second staged growth, the price of a stock is calculated for the year in which growth has changed and is then discounted to current year (Gitman, 2003). In the final stage, the present values of two staged dividend growth are combined. The following formula is used for such cases: Following this, procedure the price of stock in second case is USD. 74.99. Given below is the calculation for the case: PART B DIVIDEND CALCULATION STAGE ONE STAGE 2 YEAR 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Dividend MENTIONED IN CASE ONE 7 Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   earning (calculated using Dividend Information of Case (1) and then growth applied $ 11.67 $ 12.13 $ 12.62 $ 13.1 2 $ 13.65 $ 14.19 $ 14.76 Reinvested $ 10.50 $ 10.92 $ 11.36 $ 11.81 $ 12.28 $ 4.26 Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   DIVIDEND WITH NEW % OF GROWTH Dividend $ 1.17 $ 1.21 $ 1.26 $ 1.31 $ 1.36 $ 9.94 $ 10.33 Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   The above table determines that to get base year information, it is assumed that the earning of company for year one remains same as it is provided in the case. Hence, price is as follows: PRICE Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   Â   PV: dividend 1 / (1-R)^t PV: dividend 7 / (r-g)

MGT599 - Strategic Management, Mod 3 Case Assignment Essay

MGT599 - Strategic Management, Mod 3 Case Assignment - Essay Example In this paper we will make a detailed analysis of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of Southwest Airlines and see how they contribute to its overall success. A firm is blessed with its own resources of men, money, machines and materials that can be used to its best advantage if the strategy it is following is correct and feasible in the present conditions. Strong and Robust Reputation: One of the best strengths of Southwest Airlines is its strong reputation and brand name in the airline industry. Established in 1967, it changed its name to Southwest Airlines in 1971 and from them on has been dominating the local air transport sector in the USA. According to its Annual Report 2011, it presently flies to 76 destinations within the USA, and following its acquisition of Air Tran and strategic alliance with Volaris, Mexico it has also established routes to the Caribbean and Mexico in Latin America, making it an emerging regional player (Annual Report, 2011). Zealous and Committed Staff: Southwest Airlines makes no secret of the fact that it works hard to be the leader in the domestic airline sector. It spends a lot on the training and education of its staff and likes strong, enterprising and hard workers who can do a variety of tasks. Even its internship program encourages this attitude. A unique combination of zeal and enthusiasm on the part of its workers coupled with a businesslike but courteous customer service plan makes for a WOW experience even on this low cost service provider. Although Southwest Airlines has in excess of 45,000 staff belonging to as many as 18 different Collective Bargaining Agents in Unions, yet it has managed to coexist with their needs (Annual Report, 2011). Exemplary Pricing and Service Plans: Another plus point for Southwest which other airlines are struggling to emulate are its challenging low fares and variety of pricing plans,

The Fall And Rise Of Strategic Planning Business Essay

The Fall And Rise Of Strategic Planning Business Essay Henry Mintzberg is Cleghorn Professor of Management Studies, at the Desautels Faculty of Management, McGill University in Montreal. His work has focused on the work of the manager, and how managers are trained and developed. The author or co-author of 15 books, Mintzberg is, perhaps, best known for his work on organizational forms identifying five types of organization: simple structure; machine bureaucracy; professional bureaucracy; the divisionalized form; and the adhocracy. He is also credited with advancing the idea of emergent strategy the idea that effective strategy emerges from conversations within an organization rather than being imposed from on high. Mintzberg is a long time critic of traditional MBA programs. His first book,  The Nature of Managerial Work  (1973) challenged the established thinking about the role of the manager, and is one of the few books that actually examine what managers do, rather than discussing what they should do. Other highlights include  The Rise and Fall of Strategic Planning (1994); Managers Not MBAs  (2004), and  Managing  (2009).This report presents overview of his major works. Introduction An engineer by training, he received a PhD from MIT before joining McGills faculty of management in 1968. He was the first Fellow to be elected to the Royal Society of Canada from the field of Management. He designed and developed the IMPM, the International Masters Program in Practicing Management, and a degree-level program delivered in six countries Canada, England, France, India, Japan and Korea. It is a degree program that focuses directly on the development of managers in their jobs and organizations. Henry Mintzberg equates the process of strategy making to the process of making pottery. The strategist is similar to  a craftsman, or potter in this case. Mintzberg says, The crafting image better captures the process by which effective strategies come to be. First, the potter may create a product that follows in the tradition of her past work, but she may also create a work that breaks away from tradition in a new direction. Similarly, strategies are patterns that are put into action over time; but strategies may emerge in a different direction than tradition has previously held. Second, strategy making must be a deliberate process-thought must precede action. But strategies can form as well as be formulated. Third, strategists do not necessarily have to be top management running an organization but removed from the inner-workings of that organization. Instead, like the potter is intimately connected with her work, strategists may be those most intimately connected with the compa ny and those products/services it sells. Strategists may be those on the front lines, so to speak. Fourth, the potter may fail to make one piece, but the lump that remains may be formed into something completely different. In the same way, strategies can emerge any time and at any place; errors themselves may become chances for opportunity. The image of a craftsman is someone who is dedicated, passionate, intimately involved with the materials, has a personal touch, has mastered the detail of their art, and is experienced. The strategist must also be someone who is involved and connected with their industry and who is personally involved with the industrial processes. Finally, just as a craftsman may see things that other people miss, the strategist must be able to see emerging patterns and guide them into place as strategies. Mintzbergs major impact on the management world began with his book,  The nature of managerial work which was published in 1973 and also a seminal article in Harvard Business Review,  The managers job: folklore and fact  which was written two years after the book. These two works established Mintzbergs reputation which showed research work done on what managers did, to successfully carrying out their responsibilities, which were substantially different from the most of the theories learnt in MBA classrooms. Mintzbergs management thinking is against the concept of having one or two clever theories within some narrow discipline. His approach is merely broad enough to involve virtually the study of everything that managers do and how they do it. His appeal was further enhanced by a belief that management is about applying human skills to systems and not applying systems to people. In all the articles of Mintzberg this belief is explained. In his article  The managers job: folklore and fact,  Mintzberg has set out the reality of what managers do. A single theme runs through the article and that is the pressures of the job drive that the manager carry to take on too much work, respond quickly to each and every stimulus encourage interruption, seek the tangible, decisions in small increments, avoid the abstract, make, and do everything abruptly. Mintzberg, in this article has stressed the importance of the managers role and the need to understand it thoroughly before attempting to train and develop those engaged in carrying it out. No job is more vital to our society than that of the manager. It is the manager who determines whether our social institutions serve us well or whether they squander our talents and resources. It is time to strip away the folklore about managerial work, and time to study it realistically so that we can begin the difficult task of making significant improvements in its performance. In  The nature of managerial work, Mintzberg proposes six characteristics of management work and ten basic management roles. As per him, these characteristics and roles apply to all management jobs, from supervisor to chief executive. The six characteristics are: 1. The managers job is a mixture of regular, programmed jobs and unprogrammed tasks. 2. A manager is both a generalist and a specialist. 3. Managers rely on information from all sources but show a preference for that which is orally transmitted. 4. Managerial work is made up of activities that are characterized by brevity, variety and fragmentation. 5. Management work is more an art than a science and is reliant on intuitive processes and a feel for what is right. 6. Management work is becoming more complex. The ten roles that he believes make up the content of the managers job are divided into three categories: 1. Interpersonal a)  Figurehead   performing symbolic duties as a representative of the organization. b)  Leader   establishing the atmosphere and motivating the subordinates. c)  Liaiser   developing and maintaining webs of contacts outside the organization. 2. Information a)  Monitor   collecting all types of information that are relevant and useful to the organization. b)  Disseminator   transmitting information from outside the organization to those inside. c)  Spokesman   transmitting information from inside the organization to outsiders. 3. Decision-making a)  Entrepreneur   initiating change and adapting to the environment. b)  Disturbance Handler   dealing with unexpected events. c)  Resource Allocator   deciding on the use of organizational resources. d)  Negotiator   negotiating with individuals and dealing with other organizations. The Structure of Organizations In his book,  The structuring of organizations, Mintzberg has identified five types of `ideal organization structures. Following are the more detailed view of organization types drawn up: The entrepreneurial organization: Having small staff, loose division of labor, have small management hierarchy, being informal with power focused on the chief executive. The machine organization  : highly specialized, large operating units, routine operating tasks, formal communication, elaborate administrative systems, tasks grouped under functions, central decision making and a sharp distinction between line and staff. The diversified organization: a set of semi-autonomous units under a central administrative structure. These units are called divisions and are centrally administered called as headquarter. The professional organization: found in hospitals, universities, public agencies and firms producing standardized products or services and doing routine work, this structure relies on the skills and knowledge of professional staff in order to function. The innovative organization: Mintzbergs definition of modern organization, flexible, rejecting any form of bureaucracy and avoiding emphasis on planning and control systems. Innovation achieved by hiring experts, giving them power, training and developing them and employing them in multi-discipline teams that work in an atmosphere unbounded by conventional specialism and differentiation. The missionary organization: Here, mission is counted above everything else. The mission is clear, focused, distinctive and inspiring. Staff readily identifies with it and shares common values. They are motivated by their own zeal and enthusiasm. Mintzberg defines, the following mechanisms, regarding the coordination between different tasks: 1. Mutual adjustment, to achieve coordination by the simple process of informal communication. 2. Direct supervision, achieved by having one person issue orders or instructions to several others whose work interrelates (as when a boss tells others what is to be done) 3. Standardization of work processes, achieves coordination by specifying the work processes of people carrying out interrelated tasks (standards developed in the techno-structure to be carried out in the operating core, as in the case of the work instructions that come out of time and motion studies) 4. Standardization of outputs, which achieves coordination by specifying the results of different work (developed in the techno-structure, as in a financial plan that specifies subunit performance targets or specifications that outline the dimensions of a product to be produced) 5. Standardization of skills and knowledge, in which different work is coordinated by virtue of the related training given to the workers (as in medical specialists, a surgeon and an anesthetist in an operating room, responding almost automatically to each others standardized procedures) 6. Standardization of norms, in which the norms infusing the work that are controlled, usually for the entire organization, so that everyone functions according to the same set of beliefs. According to the organizational configurations model of Mintzberg each organization can consist of a maximum of six basic parts: 1. Strategic Apex (top management) 2. Middle Line (middle management) 3. Operating Core (operations, operational processes) 4. Techno-structure (analysts that design systems, processes, etc.) 5. Support Staff (support outside of operating workflow) 6. Ideology (halo of beliefs and traditions; norms, values, culture) Strategy and planning The relationship between strategy and planning is a constant theme in Mintzbergs writing and his views on the subject are considered to be of contributed significantly to the current management thinking. In his 1994 book, The rise and fall of Strategic Planning, Mintzberg produces a criticism on conventional theory. He believes that there are some failures in traditional understanding of planning procedure. Processes the elaborate processes use to create bureaucracy and suppress innovation and originality. Data `hard data (the raw material of all strategists) provides information, but `soft data, provides wisdom: Hard information can be no better and is often at times far worse than soft information. Detachment Mintzberg dismisses the process of producing strategies in ivory towers i.e. he believes that effective strategists cant be made by people who are at a distance from the detail of a business. They should be the ones who have immersed themselves in it, while being able to abstract the strategic messages from it. He sees strategy not as the consequence of planning but the opposite: Strategies  illustrate the concept of the delicate, painstaking process of developing strategy a process of emergence that is far away from the classical picture of strategists grouped around a table predicting the future. He argues that while an organization needs a strategy, strategic plans are generally useless as one cannot predict two to three years ahead. 5 Ps of Strategy To develop understanding of strategy Mintzberg developed what is known as the 5 Ps of Strategy. These are: Strategy as  Plan Strategy as Intended Pattern Strategy as Emergent/Unintended Pattern Strategy as Position Strategy as Perspective Strategy as  Plan: Mintzberg defined it as some  sort of consciously intended course of action, a guideline (or set of guidelines) to deal with a situation.  The  example of Game Theory, where  Strategy is nothing but a complete plan: a plan that specifies what choices [the player] will make in every possible situation. Rebuilding Companies as Communities Community means caring about our work, our colleagues, and our place in the world, geographic and otherwise, and in turn being inspired by this caring. Tellingly, some of the companies we admire most-Toyota, Semco (Brazil), Mondragon (a Basque federation of cooperatives), Pixar, and so on-typically have this strong sense of community. Young, successful companies usually have this sense of community. They are growing, energized, committed to their people, almost a family. But sustaining it with the onset of maturity can be another matter: Things slow down, politics builds up, and the world is no longer their oyster. Community is sometimes easier to preserve in the social sector-with NGOs, not-for-profits, and cooperatives. The mission may be more engaging, and the people more engaged. But somehow, in our hectic, individualist world, the sense of community has been lost in too many companies and other organizations. In the United States in particular, many great enterprises, along with the countrys legendary sense of enterprise, have been collapsing as a consequence. The Fall and Rise of Strategic Planning When strategic planning was defined the mid-1960s, corporate leaders embraced it as the one best way to devise and implement strategies that would enhance the competitiveness of each business unit. For the scientific management pioneered by Frederick Taylor, this involved separating thinking from doing and creating a new function by having specialists like strategic planners. Planning systems were expected to produce the best strategies as well as step-by-step instructions for carrying out these strategies so that the managers could not get them wrong. Strategic planning has long since fallen from its pedestal. But even now followed by people as very few understand that strategic planning  is not  strategic thinking. Strategic planning often spoils strategic thinking, by causing managers to confuse real vision with the manipulation of numbers. This confusion lies at the heart of the issue i.e. the most successful strategies are visions and not plans. Strategic planning has actually been  strategic programming,  the articulation and elaboration of strategies, or visions, that already exist. Mintzberg says after understanding the difference between planning and strategic thinking, companies can get back to what the strategy-making process should be i.e. capturing what the manager learns from all sources (both the soft insights from his or her personal experiences and the experiences of others throughout the organization and the hard data from market research and the like) and then synthesizing that learning into a vision of the direction that the business should pursue. This doesnt imply that organizations, which have disenchanted with strategic planning, are needed to get rid of their planners or conclude that there is no need for programming. In fact, organizations should transform the conventional planning jobs. Planners should perform the role of providing the formal analyses or hard data required by the strategic thinkers and hence should make their contribution in strategy making process. Hence, planners should act as catalysts supporting strategy making by aiding and encouraging managers to think strategically. Thus, they can be programmers of a strategy, helping to specify concrete steps needed to carry out the vision. By redefining the planners job, companies will acknowledge the difference between planning and strategic thinking. Planning has always been about  analysis about breaking down a goal or set of intentions into steps, formalizing those steps so that they can be implemented almost automatically, and articulating the anticipated consequences or results of each step. This has been accepted by Michael Porter, who is known as the most widely read writer on strategy. Strategic thinking, is about  synthesis. It involves intuition and creativity. The outcome of strategic thinking is an integrated perspective of the enterprise, a not-too-precisely articulated vision of direction, such as the vision of Jim Clark, the founder of Silicon Graphics, that three-dimensional visual computing is the way to make computers easier to use. Such strategies cant be developed on schedule basis and cant be immaculately conceived. They should be free to appear at any time and at any place in the organization through the processes of informal learning that must necessarily be carried out by people at various levels who are deeply involved with the specific issues at hand. Crafting Strategy Imagine someone planning strategy. What likely springs to mind is an image of orderly thinking: a senior manager, or a group of them, sitting in an office formulating courses of action that everyone else will implement on schedule. The keynote is reason-rational control, the systematic analysis of competitors and markets, of company strengths and weaknesses, the combination of these analyses producing clear, explicit, full-blown strategies. Now imagine someone  crafting  strategy. A wholly different image likely results, as different from planning as craft is from mechanization. Craft evokes traditional skill, dedication, perfection through the mastery of detail. What springs to mind is not so much thinking and reason as involvement, a feeling of intimacy and harmony with the materials at hand, developed through long experience and commitment. Formulation and implementation merge into a fluid process of learning through which creative strategies evolve. My thesis is simple: the crafting image better captures the process by which effective strategies come to be. The planning image, long popular in the literature, distorts these processes and thereby misguides organizations that embrace it unreservedly. In developing this thesis, I shall draw on the experiences of a single craftsman, a potter, and compare them with the results of a research project that tracked the strategies of a number of corporations across several decades. Because the two contexts are so obviously different, my metaphor, like my assertion, may seem farfetched at first. Yet if we think of a craftsman as an organization of one, we can see that he or she must also resolve one of the great challenges the corporate strategist faces: knowing the organizations capabilities well enough to think deeply enough about its strategic direction. By considering strategy making from the perspective of one person, free of all the paraphernalia of what has been called the strategy industry, we can learn something about the formation of strategy in the corporation. For much as our potter has to manage her craft, so too managers have to craft their strategy. At work, the potter sits before a lump of clay on the wheel. Her mind is on the clay, but she is also aware of sitting between her past experiences and her future prospects. She knows exactly what has and has not worked for her in the past. She has an intimate knowledge of her work, her capabilities, and her markets. As a craftsman, she senses rather than analyzes these things; her knowledge is tacit. All these things are working in her mind as her hands are working the clay. The product that emerges on the wheel is likely to be in the tradition of her past work, but she may break away and embark on a new direction. Even so, the past is no less present, projecting itself into the future. In my metaphor, managers are craftsmen and strategy is their clay. Like the potter, they sit between a past of corporate capabilities and a future of market opportunities. And if they are truly craftsmen, they bring to their work an equally intimate knowledge of the materials at hand. That is the essence of crafting strategy. In this article, we will explore this metaphor by looking at how strategies get made as opposed to how they are supposed to get made. Throughout, I will be drawing on the two sets of experiences Ive mentioned. One, described in the sidebar, is a research project on patterns in strategy formation that has been going on at McGill University under my direction since 1971. The second is the stream of work of a successful potter, my wife, who began her craft in 1967. The Five Minds of a Manager The CEO of a Canadian company has recently complained that he was not able to get his engineers to think like managers. Such a complaint is common in nature, but behind it lays an uncommon important question: What does it mean to think like a manager? We dont see much attention paid to answer that question in later years. Many of us have become enamored of leadership so much that management has been pushed into the background. Now days, we dont see anybody aspiring to become a good manager; in fact everybody, wants to be known as a great leader. But we ignore that the separation of management from leadership is harmful. As we know that management without leadership encourages an uninspired style, which deadens activities. In contrast, Leadership without management encourages a disconnected style, which promotes hubris. Knowing the destructive power of hubris in organizations we should get back to old management. The only problem is that the plain old management is comparatively more complicated and hence, confusing. Managers are asked to be global and also to be local to collaborate and to compete in the market. Show change, perpetually to maintain order. Make the numbers even while nurturing your people. Now the question is how anyone is supposed to reconcile all this? The reality is that no one can actually do it. For becoming effective, managers have to face the juxtapositions so that they can arrive at a deep integration of these seemingly contradictory concerns. This means that managers must focus not only on what exactly they have to accomplish but also on how they have to think. Basically, managers need to have different mind-sets. Helping managers to appreciate this was the challenge they had set for themselves in the mid-1990s the time, when they had began to develop a new masters program for the managers for practicing. They had guessed that they cant rely on the usual format of the MBA education, which actually divides the management world into field like function of marketing, accounting, finance, and so on. Their intention was basically to educate managers who were coming out of such narrow mindsets. They wanted to have a new structure which would encourage synthesis than separation. They came up with a framework based on the five aspects of the managerial mindset, which has proved not only powerful in the classroom but also of utter importance in practice. Below, they have explained how they came up with the five managerial mind-sets. The Managers Job:  Folklore and Fact If you ask managers what they do, they will most likely tell you that they plan, organize, coordinate, and control. Then watch what they do. Dont be surprised if you cant relate what you see to these words. When a manager is told that a factory has just burned down and then advises the caller to see whether temporary arrangements can be made to supply customers through a foreign subsidiary, is that manager planning, organizing, coordinating, or controlling? How about when he or she presents a gold watch to a retiring employee? Or attends a conference to meet people in the trade and returns with an interesting new product idea for employees to consider? These four words, which have dominated management vocabulary since the French industrialist Henri Fayol first introduced them in 1916, tell us little about what managers actually do. At best, they indicate some vague objectives managers have when they work. The field of management, so devoted to progress and change, has for more than half a century not seriously addressed  the  basic question: What do managers do? Without a proper answer, how can we teach management? How can we design planning or information systems for managers? How can we improve the practice of management at all? Our ignorance of the nature of managerial work shows up in various ways in the modern organization-in boasts by successful managers who never spent a single day in a management training program; in the turnover of corporate planners who never quite understood what it was the manager wanted; in the computer consoles gathering dust in the back room because the managers never used the fancy on-line MIS some analyst thought they needed. Perhaps most important, our ignorance shows up in the inability of our large public organizations to come to grips with some of their most serious policy problems. Somehow, in the rush to automate production, to use management science in the functional areas of marketing and finance, and to apply the skills of the behavioral scientist to the problem of worker motivation, the manager-the person in charge of the organization or one of its subunits-has been forgotten. I intend to break the reader away from Fayols words and introduce a more supportable and useful description of managerial work. This description derives from my review and synthesis of research on how various managers have spent their time. In some studies, managers were observed intensively; in a number of others, they kept detailed diaries; in a few studies, their records were analyzed. All kinds of managers were studied-foremen, factory supervisors, staff managers, field sales managers, hospital administrators, presidents of companies and nations, and even street gang leaders. These managers worked in the United States, Canada, Sweden, and Great Britain. Strategy as Pattern Mintzberg defines strategy as  consistency in behavior, whether or not intended.  Strategy can emerge as patterns, which may be seen as the resulting actions. To prove this point, he gives example of Henry Ford who originally developed the Model T, which was the strategy to offer the car in the  black color, but by strategy as a pattern, this was an intended strategy. An unintended strategy, as a pattern can be seen with an example of IKEA who began to flat pack their furniture, where as the original idea for this was to borne of one of the companies designers which are trying to load a table into their car and when they realized that it wouldnt fit and hence, they would have to detach the legs of the table. At that time, they realized that customers would be facing the similar issue while purchasing their product, and as such a vital aspect of Ileas strategy it emerged unintentionally.http://louisdietvorst.files.wordpress.com/2011/10/emergent-strategy.jpg?w=481h=372 Strategy as Position Strategy as a position refers to the environment in which the organization operates in and the mediating force between the internal and external context. An example to justify this concept can be of organizations strategy towards dealing with critical environmental factors such as extreme heat, disposal of waste, use of green IT. Strategy as Perspective This aspect of strategy is concerned with how the organization itself sees the business  environment. For example, an organization will have an option of being the pacesetters, who is always seen at the bleeding edge of technology and who, sell their products based on advances of technology. Whereas another option would be to be followers, where organizations learn from the mistakes of the pace setter and hence, they adopt only proven technologies and are more  concerned  with the quality and reliability of products rather than bleeding technological edge. Examples to prove this is of the automotive industry, where it can be seen, how Ford has began the new Ford Focus market to be the technological leader in this product category. With the use of economies of scale Ford has managed to cheaply introduce technologies like Self-Parking, it is a technology associated with premium brands rather than Ford who is traditionally known for targeting blue-collar workers. Key works by Henry Mintzberg Books Managing.  FT Prentice-Hall, 2009 Management: its not what you think.  (With Bruce Ahlstrand and Josepeh Lampel). FT Prentice-Hall, 2010 Strategy bites back.  (With Bruce Ahlstrand and Joseph Lampel). Pearson, 2005 Managers not MBAs.  Berrett-Koehler, 2004 Strategy safari.  (With Bruce Ahlstrand and Joseph Lample) London: Prentice-Hall, 1998 The strategy process: concepts, contexts, cases (3rd ed).London: Prentice-Hall International, 1996 The rise and fall of strategic planning.  Hemel Hempstead: Prentice-Hall International, 1994 Mintzberg on management: inside our strange world of organizations.  New York: Free Press, 1989 Power in and around organizations.  Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1983 Structures in fives: designing effective organizations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1983 The structuring of organizations: a synthesis of the research. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1979 The nature of managerial work.  New York: Harper and Row, 1973 Journal articles Key articles are given below, for a complete list from 1967 to date, with some links through to full text, please seehttp://www.mintzberg.org/articles The managers job: folklore and fact.  Harvard Business Review, 68 (2) Mar-Apr 1990, pp. 163-176. Originally published in 1975, the article includes a retrospective commentary by the author. Crafting strategy.  Harvard Business Review, 65 (4) Jul-Aug 1987, pp. 66-75 The fall and rise of strategic planning.  Harvard Business Review, 72 (1) Jan-Feb 1994, pp. 107-114 Rounding out the managers job.  Sloan Management Review, 36 (1) Autumn 1994, pp. 11-26 Musings on management.  Harvard Business Review, 74 (4) Jul-Aug 1996, pp. 61-67 Managing on the edge.  International Journal of Public Sector Management, 10 (3) 1997, pp. 131-153 The yin and yang of managing.  Organizational Dynamics, 29 (4) 2001, pp. 306-312